How will Spotify change the traditional music industry Assignment

Primordial Sound Meditation Essay

Donna Miesbach opens the talk inquiring as to whether anybody takes an interest in reflection. Her insight starts for her at 17 years old. The energy she produces when encouraging early stage sound contemplation is obvious with the conversation she leads. Enlightening about Dr. Deepka Chopa making the Vedic convention of India accessible and ready to peruse to numerous individuals. Bringing contemplation once again into society. Contemplation can be depicted as entering a condition of complete mindfulness. Contemplation is about oneself; you with your psyche. A spot you can satisfy your motivation, get in line with your spirit, no pressure, tension or dread. Contemplation alleviates pressure and assists with recollecting self completeness. It revives the phones to wake up, unwinds the physical, mental and vitality body, presents peacefulness, ecstasy and clearness all while carrying equalization to each everyday issue. Reflection is expressed as a three stage process. The premise begins with our perspective.; numerous considerations animate and stress our enthusiastic, mental, vitality and physical bodies. The â€Å"meditation station† depicts the ordinary perspective of not being typical however anomalous with impacts of accepting tangible upgrades that respond in uncontrolled manners. Additionally that our contemplations can be restricting of one another, musings that bring warm, cuddly, loosened up feelings can likewise start dread, tension and neurosis. An apparatus used to change through contemplation is Mantra, characterized as â€Å"man=mind† and â€Å"tra=instrument† so overall † Instrument of the mind† The initial step of reflection is dealing with our brain, to think. All impacts are straightforwardly or in a roundabout way in every aspect of the body and brain. Fixation got from the Latin words â€Å"To† † Center or fixed focus point† offers mental impact and mental imaging, taking a gander at the word all in all can be additionally characterized as † bring to a typical point.† and the â€Å"act or condition of bringing to a fixed point or focus†. With fixation you are bringing the most elevated types of vitality, force and powers to a center point , shielding it from dissolving over various zones. Centered focus can be hard to accomplish with current way of life, obligations of family, work, school, plans, arrangements all correspond to keep the brain eager. With the snags of twirling contemplations, applying the control of deliberate consideration and practicing self will are critical to encourage ones control of consideration and will . Working on focusing on fixation, you gain the experience to practice your will to simply be observer to any diverting musings that populate; rather than utilizing creative mind or fantasies in lieu of focusing on the object of your contemplation. So principally the objective in the main territory of contemplation is to think, give un constrained consideration and spotlight on one article whether it’s a customized mantra, a truism, serenade or real item. The following stage educated is psyche and body association and quieting of the brain most popular as Meditation. In reflection the consideration is solid, easy, a consistent progression of focus. The engaged consideration is additionally applied to the object of contemplation and the condition of reflection that starts further and more profound focus which at that point declares genuine information, widespread mindfulness and can start to reestablish harmony. You become associated with emotions, sensations and everything associated with that object. Best cited is Albert Einstein † Everything known to mankind is comparative with everything else† This profound fixation and association eventually carries your contemplation to interface you to everything; joining your article and your psyche. The last advance of reflection happens in the condition of examination and extreme cognizance. The experience of not being aware of simply our body and musings yet being a piece of the universe and universe. Some suggest it is an inheritance and predetermination to adjust to this condition of acknowledgment, truth, awareness and delight. You become associated with the universe as it is associated with you in a straightforward, unconstrained activity. Nothing is constrained, what happens is what should occur. Reflection takes practice. Generally speaking persistence and comprehension to achieve the most profound type of contemplation expects you to have the capacities of concentrating on an article, dismiss undesirable/baseless musings not identified with the item, elevating the ability to controlled considerations, the ability to stop them, understanding to isolate ones self from musings, and everything is done to ace and accomplish a quiet psyche. This secret government of reflection alludes to the quiet brain as an amazing encounter. A quiet brain is identified with being caution and delicate to environmental factors, merciful towards others, expelling unsafe ideas from the psyche, decisions, dismissal, contempt, outrage, envy and any point of view that is inferring one of being enveloped by ones own disarrays. Early stage sound intervention is best clarified as a mending practice. Experience internal harmony and it helps oneself to remember our quintessence, improves motivation, sympathy, love, wellbeing, energy and inventiveness in every day living and relations. Early stage sounds comprise of fundamental, basic sounds and vibrations from nature. Mantras are early stage sounds that are delineated from the Vedic arithmetic, which decide the specific sound or vibrations created utilizing the date, time and area of a people birth. Whenever utilized accurately to impact the calming of the brain, you can fall into reflection simpler and quicker. The mantra guides you from levels of grouped idea exercises, to finish quiet. You are not, at this point influenced by inward disturbance and can in-order to valid, and tranquil attention to the universe. This permits the psyche, physical body and vitality arrange that underpins and continues the physical body capacity to work at most extreme adequacy. Mantra extends reflection, it favors our lives with the universe ,gives genuine proficient abundance of the spirit, gives a guide to elevated mindfulness and clears, unwinds, and revives the body.. There are numerous sorts, structures and methods of contemplation. All contemplation types have the capacity to reestablish physical, mental and passionate self prosperity. The way that we utilize generally 5% of our brains proves the significance of unwinding past the hecticness and ciaos. Other reflection can incorporate strolling, basic, care, venture, vibrational and focal channel contemplation, all procedures permit anybody to join and fit into their way of life. The undertakings of the current day demand that individuals are increasingly human doings with the steady sentiment of waiting be accomplishing something or heading off to some place, continually doing. We should allude ourselves as â€Å"human beings† so it consolidates the significance of consideration, fixation, self harmony and we are only creatures; here to be!

APA Format in Essays

APA Format in Essays APA Essay Format: General Overview APA Format in Essay Writing In case you received the task that involves dealing with APA essay format, it can be a very confusing challenge if the formatting styles you used before were different. Thus, before starting to write, you will need to look through the ground rules and learn how to write an APA essay format in the first place. It would be helpful to find an example of APA essay format to have a visual understanding of how your work should be organized. In addition, the overview of formatting rules in this article will be a useful aid for your writing. APA writing format was developed by the American Psychological Association, and it remains one of the most common and popular formats used in custom essay writing. Like with any other formatting style, an APA formatted essay means that formatting and referencing follows the requirements of the American Psychological Association. Before you create and submit an APA format paper, you should definitely get familiar with the principles of APA formatting and style. You need to know how to develop your headings and references correctly and what types of grammatical and punctuation structures are allowed in APA writing format.

The Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool

Did you know that  Forbes.com reports that the Department of Education has awarded almost $250 million in an effort to ensure that development of early education programs, preschool, continue to best serve children from low- and moderate-income families? This is one example of the Presidents long-standing plan to offer free, universal pre-school for these families. However, President Trumps latest budget for 2019 education appears to be reducing funding   for schools. As we know, in President Obamas 2013 State of the Union address he unveiled his plan for universal Pre-K or pre-kindergarten education for four-year-olds. His plan would guarantee kids whose household income is at or below 200% of the poverty line a free pre-K education with local schools and local partners, and their teachers would have the same training as K-12 teachers. In addition, the programs would offer many of the benefits of private school pre-kindergarten programs, including small class sizes, high adult-to-child ratios, and assessment of the programs provided. The program would also expand the number of full-day kindergarten programs available. Unease in Regards to the Future of Early Childhood Education However, despite these advancements, there is unease as a result of the new leadership of our nation coming; many people are unsure about the future of early childhood programs. Betsy DeVos has been chosen by President Donald Trump to take on the role of Education Secretary, and her position on pre-school funding is not clear; the same can be said for the President. As a result, there are some who are uncomfortable with the uncertainty, and the latest budget developments are not alieviating fears.   Why Pre-Kindergarten is So Important While many private schools offer high-quality pre-kindergarten programs and full-day kindergartens, providing enriching educational opportunities for children under age 6, many children who attend public schools, particularly children living in poverty, do not have access to these programs. According to the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) in New Brunswick, New Jersey, 28% of 4-year-olds were enrolled in a pre-kindergarten program in the 2011-2012 school year, which represents an increase over the 14% of four-year-olds who did so in 2002. Yet, pre-kindergarten programs are critical to children’s long-term success, and experts at NIEER have documented that children who have been enrolled in high-quality pre-kindergarten programs enter kindergarten with better vocabularies and more advanced pre-reading and math skills than children who don’t have access to these programs. Kids enrolled in pre-k programs aren’t just learning how to recognize letters and numbers; they are also learning critical social skills and the importance of working independently in the classroom. Through high-quality pre-k programs, they develop the confidence to take on more advanced classroom work. Many children struggle with social skills and behavioral problems in kindergarten, and many children are even kicked out of kindergarten. Pre-kindergarten programs are essential in teaching kids the social skills they need for later grades, not just the academic skills. Pre-K Benefits Last a Lifetime The benefits of pre-kindergarten education last well beyond kindergarten. According to research conducted by NIEER, there are amazing long-term economic benefits from early childhood education for children in poverty. For example, life-time earnings of some children increase by hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the economics benefits of these programs outweigh the costs by a factor of up to 16 (in some programs). In addition, such programs show that participants have lower crime rates and decreased rates of welfare dependence as adults, so the benefits of early childhood education can last a lifetime. According to the White House Fact Sheet on Obama’s educational plan, children from low-income families are less likely to have access to pre-kindergarten programs, and middle-class families also struggle to afford private pre-school programs, yet these programs are critical to children’s long-term school success. Children from low-income families who are not reading at grade level by third grade are six times less likely to graduate from high school. According to the Fact Sheet from the White House, only 60% of American children have access to full-day kindergarten programs, yet these programs are also essential to teaching children skills critical skills for later academic success. Pre-kindergarten programs are a promising way to reduce adult poverty in this country and to provide the essential skills workers need as adults. Working with at-risk children in the primary or middle school years may be too late, and while private schools offer high-quality pre-school and early education programs, research studies have documented the need to expand these programs to state-funded programs across the country. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski

The Three Genres Of Communication - 958 Words

Abstract This report explores the three genres of communication within the major of veterinary technology. Its purpose is to inform individuals about how these specific genres are present in this field. Methods, results, discussion and conclusions are discussed. To research these three genres of communication several sources were required. I initiated my researching with internet searches to find more information to support why these three genres of communication are the most significant in the field of veterinary technology. Introduction Veterinary Technology is a bachelors of science degree within the department of Animal Sciences. Veterinary Technologist aid in assisting veterinarians in diagnosing illnesses and injuries of animals. Communication is an essential part in the work environment of a veterinary technologist and plays a vital role in the professional success of hospitals around the world. Numerous genres of communication are present in veterinary technology. Individuals proceeding in the field of veterinary technology should have a clear understanding of communication practices involved in the field. Although there are various genres of communication in veterinary technology the three genres that I found to be the most significant are animal care reports, record keeping and emails. This report will go more in depth of how these three genres of communication are incorporated in veterinary technology. Methods To research these three genres of communicationShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Art A Genre? Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesnot the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance.†-Aristotle According to Dictinary.com, a genre is a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. (Dictionary) Before I began this course, the only inclination of genre was that of books and movies. From my experience, the aspect of genres are what categorized media in various forms, making it easy for an audience to comprehend said material. HoweverRead MoreUnderstanding The Patient Discharge Instructions Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesand actions. This paper will analyze the patient discharge instructions genre emphasizing that care does not stop at discharge, but follows a patient home. Although multiple health care settings utilize patient discharge instructions, the focus of this analysis is instructions provided to cardiovascular patients before discharging them home from a hospital setting. The main goal of the patient discharge instructions genre is to assist patients in reaching optimal health and well being. 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Musical terminology in the early nineteenth-century was evolving and composers were exploring on different forms and styles. Thus, innovation and expansion of variety in worksRead MoreThe Franklin Road Church Youth Groups Are More Than Just a Religion1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe Franklin Road Church of Christ youth group consists of youth of all ages. The group is divided into three subgroups: Tots for Christ (TFC), Kids for Christ (KFC), and the Senior Youth Group (SYG). In particular, for this essay I will be explaining how the Senior Youth Group is a discourse community. Franklin Road’s SYG consists of the ages 11-18. Within the group we do various things such as going to youth retreats, youth conferences, and many more; just to name a few. The group has been aroundRead MoreValue Of Science Fiction909 Words   |  4 Pagessome of the scholars merely view this genre as points of departure for critics and argument (Reider 2010, p.205). Regardless of the criticisms and argument from the scholarly sector, an important consideration is the extent to which science ficti on genre could bring about future possibilities to the current state of the world. If we, the society as a whole could uphold this futuristic vision, science fiction would be generally recognised as a valuable genre in all disciplinary fields. This essayRead MoreEnglish Has Never Been My Favorite Subject Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesis categorized by quite a few genres. The largest categorized genres are fiction, poetry, and plays. In those categories, there are genres like tragedy, crime fiction, narrative and the list goes on. The point is that there are a lot of genres and it’s so fascinating to read and write about all the genres in literature. Reading literature is pretty simple. You just have to understand what you are reading. Writing about literature can be a little trickier. To write three to four full pages, you mustRead MoreThe Importance of Function Over Form in the Classical Concerto1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 18th century, the concerto was transformed into a viable instrumental genre to both demonstrate virtuosity as well as a cohesive character that embodied the natural. Though the series of changes from the Baroque concerto grosso to the Classical concerto were gradual and cannot be attributed to a single composer, the Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor K. 466 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a skillful representation of the genre in that era. Of particular interest in this concerto is the treatment ofRead MoreJapanese Popular Rock Music And Japanese Culture1315 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuality could come from the arrangement of songs, voice of singers, differences in language, or some combination of the three. All J-pop songs have a common characteristic of individuality and familiarity signifying that they are similar to existing music, but these characteristics are also dissimilar in any ways. J-Pop is a genre that is both a unique yet familiar genre of music that many people of different cultures can enjoy. The Eastern Asian music stylings of J-pop often merge with musicalRead MoreParadox Of Horror Movies951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Horror Paradox Horror movies have been classified as the type of genre that heavily exploits the use of violence and grisly images to appeal to different audiences. In fact, one of the main reasons that horror movies are still celebrated is because of a term, discovered by behavioral researchers, called the â€Å"horror paradox†. Joanne Cantor, the director of the Center for Communication Research at University of Wisconsin, states that â€Å"Since it doesn’t require logic to appreciate, audiences watch

Managing project Free Essays

GILL-alienation Group for Lean Construction (1993) proposed the concept of lean construction, because of the report- ‘Application of the New Production Philosophy to Construction’ which was written by Laura(1992). Howell and Ballard (1997) set up LLC-The Lean Construction Institute and Introduced Lean Project Delivery System (LAPS) in order to reduce the waste at each part of project. This article will discuss on diversity contents in LAPS such as its principles, theory, ‘OFF analyses another approach, which is mentioned in the MAMBO, being used in construction as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing project or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Discussion . 1 the application of LAPS in construction industry LAPS consist of 4 major parts which are project definition, lean design lean supply and lean assembly. Moreover, different parts internal with each other in these 4 major parts (Ballard 2003). Project definition are required to contain all stakeholders aims and values, the concept of design as well as the criteria of design. Lean design not only needs to reflect the values, concepts 3 and criteria but also saves time to develop and explore alternatives. Lean supply is definite as an effective system which includes detailed engineering, fabrication and livery. Lean assembly consists of how to deliver the materials and how to install them. Deeply, there are 6 principles being used to guide the implementation of LAPS. These principles contain eliminating waste, build quality in, create knowledge, deliver fast, respect people and optimize the whole. They result in 5 lean approaches to management. Firstly, specify values from the perspective of the ultimate customer. Another approach is identifying the value streams meaning all steps should create value. Thirdly, creating flow is making the value-creating steps flow. Fourthly, the customer should be guided to actively pull the product from you. Finally, insistently implementation former approaches until a state of perfection is reached. According to these principles and approaches, James (2008) analyses the whole process of construction and then make the procedure quantization in order to improve the productivity. However, the production process in construction differs from manufacturing industry in that it is more complex and unpredictable. Slake(2000) found transformation flow value generation (TFH) theory which can implement LAPS into construction industry. This theory seems construction as a special kind of manufacture. So the method we used to manage construction is called lean construction. It is a continuous process around value stream in order to satisfy all stakeholders demand and eliminate waste (Dickinson et. Al, 2004). According to the definition of lean construction 4 and TAP’ theory, the application of lean construction theory can divide into maximize value, minimize waste, stream management and projects delivery. Woman et al (1996) believe that the most important thing of maximizing value is finding out what stakeholders are. During large engineering project construction, stakeholder is a complex and dynamic system (Bertelsmann, 2002). According to Ballard and Howell (2003), the production design and process design should be integrated in order to reduce variation in the construction process. Maximizing value means fulfilling the propose value in an acceptable cost instead of reaching the goal with the lowest price (Bertelsmann 2002). Waste can be conclude as defective product, supply more than demand, inventory, unnecessary working procedure, useless staff movement, unnecessary transportation of goods and waiting (Non, 1978). The eighth kind of waste was found that the design and service are not accord with costumer’s waste. Macomb and Howell (2003) considered the information is not received which is a waste as well. Stream management has a significant influence on construction. There are 7 kinds of streams in the procedure namely, preparation work, site, staff, equipment, material, information and external conditions. In order to manage these 7 streams, people need to set up a buffer which can make the stream work effective and efficient. Project delivery is used in construction which is based on the LAPS. Ballard and Howell(1993) found the Last Planner System (PICTURE 1) which was design 5 on the rational of LAPS. In the Last Planner System, the last planner such as site administrator will be responsible for planning the resource requirement for next week. Then, manager will use Per Plan Completed (PC) to evaluate the weekly plan. Design criteria Master Schedules Phase Schedules Work structuring Selecting, sequencing and Current situation sizing work we think can prediction Information Preparation Order Selecting, Ranking, Workload production Weekly Schedule Resource Look-Ahead Plan be done Production Feedback Completed Work PICTURE 1 MAMBO There are several project managements are introduced in the MAMBO. Namely project integration management, project time management, project cost management, project quality management, project human resource management, project communications management, project risk management, project procurement. Firstly, project integration management means the 6 method integrates consolidation, articulation, combinational characteristics as well as integrative actions which are important to complete the project, meet the customer, achieve stakeholder requirements and manage expectations. Secondly, reject time management can be defined as identifying and estimating diverse schedule activities in order to timely complete the project. Thirdly, project cost management contains planning process, estimating process, budgeting process and controlling costs which can result in an appropriate budget. Fourthly, project quality management can be divided into quality planning, perform quality assurance and perform quality control. Fifthly, project human resource management require planning the staff resource so that it can determine and improve the project team, furthermore, using the feedback to manage the team. Sixthly, project ammunitions management is a method that sufficiently conveys the useful information to stakeholders. Seventeenth, project risk management means to predict and analysis the possible risk so that planning the response and the preventive method. Finally, project procurement management consists of planning procurement processes and communicating with sellers, buyers and administrations. 2. 3 Comparison Current management methods regard the project as a sequential, simple and predictable producing system. Furthermore, they decompose the project into activities, work package, mission and so on, every mission can be implemented independently as well. These methods all use a top-down 7 management. Planning and present under the best of circumstances. As a result, the plan does not reflect complexity, high uncertainty and dynamics of the construction. It leads to the initiative can not be well-planned and well-executed. In contrast, LAPS seem the construction as a complex, dynamic and nonlinear producing system. The LAPS focus on the whole production system that it sets up a series of goals. LAPS underlines integrating product design and process planning, controlling them in the all product life cycle stages as well. The major preferences between LAPS and current project management focus on nine aspects. In the focus of attention aspect, LAPS more focus on the production system, but the method in MAMBO pay attention on transactions and contracts. For management object, lean project delivery looks at transformation, flow and value objects, however the current management in MAMBO focus on transformation goal. For decision making right, LAPS support to the foundation certificate in construction should take part in the decision making. In contrast, management methods in MOBS prefer to make decision follow by top-down management control system. In the design order aspect, product and process are designed together in LAPS. In MAMBO, process design will start until product design finish. For product design, designer should consider the whole product life cycle stages in LAPS. In MAMBO, designer can consider the partial product life cycle stages. For collaboration approach, all the firms in construction supply-chain should initiative cooperate with each other in LAPS. The enterprises relate with each 8 other through the market and only supply what the market demand in MAMBO. For planning, the schedule is planed from bottom to top in LAPS, but the schedule is landed from top to bottom in MAMBO. In learning aspect, learning is integrated into construction, company and supply-chain management in LAPS. How to cite Managing project, Papers

The soldier, In Flanders Field, Disabled and Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Example

The soldier, In Flanders Field, Disabled and Dulce Et Decorum Est Paper To show how attitudes to the war changed as the Great War progressed I have chosen four poems. The soldier by Rupert Brooke, In Flanders Field by John McCare and Disabled and Dulce Et Decorum Est. both by Wilfred Owen. Both John McCare and Rupert Brookes poems were written early on in the war, however Rupert Brooke has glorified war unlike John McCare who saw war as a job that needed to be done. Wilfred Owens poems were written later on in the war and both talk about the reality of war. He mentions gas attacks, death and horrific injuries. When comparing the poets attitude to war, Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est has a totally different perspective to that of Rupert Brookes poem, The soldier. Dulce Et Decorum Est tell us what it really was like for the soldiers, Men marched asleep. Many have lost their boots We will write a custom essay sample on The soldier, In Flanders Field, Disabled and Dulce Et Decorum Est specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The soldier, In Flanders Field, Disabled and Dulce Et Decorum Est specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The soldier, In Flanders Field, Disabled and Dulce Et Decorum Est specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But limped on, blood shod. Compare that abstract with one from The Soldier, Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day It clearly highlights that Owen had a clear view on what war was about; perhaps this is because he had experience of life as a soldier and that his attitude was one of bitterness. If you compare this with another of his poems Disabled he still captured the awfulness of war ruining young mens lives, but the language he uses appears less bitter possibly because it is about one young soldier. The Poem Disabled talks about how horrific injuries due to the war affected the soldiers in many ways. In Flanders Field John McCare also writes with some truth, We are the dead, he writes indicating it is possible for you to die in war, but he also uses recruiting language. To you from failing hands we throw the torch; be yours to hold it high. This shows that John McCare attitude is neither bitter nor triumphant it is balanced. As mentioned before, both of Owenss poems tell the reality of war. The Dulce Et Decorum Est is about the soldier making their way back after fighting, when a gas attack occurred leaving one man for dead. His other poem Disabled is about a young mans life before and after war. It talked about how people treated him before the war and mentioned all the things he couldnt do after because he was disabled. In Flanders Field, soldiers who have fought and died are asking men to join and to carry on their deed to finish and win the war. Although The Soldier is a recruiting poem it has been written as if a soldier was saying that even if he dies he would make the soil richer because he was English, and that the same would happen to the other men if they joined, they would become pure as well. When looking at the language used I noticed that in Dulce Et Decorum Est it had harsh and powerful language. Words such as forth corrupted lungs and obscene as cancer, they illustrate that his attitude was not only one of bitterness but also one of frustration. This language also demonstrates that war can affect people in such awful ways. Disabled has both enthusiastic and bitter language. Before this young lad joined the war Owen uses to words to show happy the town was, Swinging so gay .. glow- lamps budded in the light blue trees but after he came back from the war Owen described the terrible conditions he was in and how he will spend his last few years. The words are cold and bitter. Few sick years in institutes. A leap of purple spurted from his thighs. In Flanders Field the poet used different tenses to give his message across. The first stanza is in the present tense, with language that makes the reader fell calm, he used nature for example, poppies blowing in fields . larks singing in the sky but in the last line he brings the reader back to the reality of war by saying, scarce heard amid the guns below. In the second stanza John McCare used third person (past tense) we are the dead, we lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, However in the third stanza John McCare reverted back into the present tense and uses the language of recruitment. The soldiers want other men to take on their deed or else they have died in vain. Take up our quarrel with the foe:.. If ye break faith with us who die we shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders Field The soldier uses gentle words for example; flowers to love or in hearts at peace unlike Dulce Et Decorum Est which used harsh and breathtaking words. The language is used to make you sound like a hero if you went and fight and also that there wasnt any horrific injuries or gas attacks, that war was Romantic. All poets used tone, metaphor and simile and personification in different ways to convey their attitudes and ideas. In Dulce Et Decorum Est the first two lines in the first stanza both used a simile, for example like old beggars similarly in Disabled it was in the second stanza the simile likes some queer disease. As I read the other two poems not one had a simile but The solider personified England by referring to her as she; as female to be looked after. In Flanders Field a metaphor we throw the torch Was used to demonstrate that war was like a challenge. If you were to read out Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est you would use an angry tone, however in Disabled you would you a peaceful and reflective tone. For the other two poems you would use a soft and persuasive tone because they are sad and reflective. The structures of the poems were nearly the same (except In Flanders Field) the others used iambic pentameter and all of the poems used a predicable rhyme scheme. The soldier was written in a sonnet form and it gave the poem a Romantic touch. To conclude, I feel that as the war went on the poems got better because they gave a good sense of what war was about because of the imagery used. I didnt particually like the other poems by John McCare and Rupet Brookes because I feel; that war is horrible and that these poems seem to make war sound good and wonderful and they encourage people to go, I do feel sorry for these soldiers, they had to fight in these terrible conditions, it made me wonder, why do we have wars? Perhaps that is what Wilfred Owen wanted his readers to do?

Bowling for Columbine Essay Example

Bowling for Columbine Essay Example Bowling for Columbine Paper Bowling for Columbine Paper Michael Moore has created some of this centurys most provocative films, including Roger Me, The Big One, and Bowling for Columbine.These three films hold one thing in common: They are all non-fiction.If they were to be labeled into one genre, or if one were to search for them in a video store,documentary commonly associated with these films.Moores most recent film, Bowling for Columbine, won the Best Documentary Oscar at the 2003 Academy Awards.But what exactly is a documentary, and should Moores work be classified in such a genre? Websters Dictionary defines a documentary as a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event.Moore does in fact present facts in his film, including interviews with various people, most notably, Charlton Heston.Additionally, he leads us along his journey throughout the country (and Canada) to find out why America is so obsessed with guns.The facts Moore presents certainly do have a liberal spin on them, but that does not mean that his work is not a documentary. Some have argued that documentaries must present an objective opinion about a subject.This is impossible.The Italian Neo-realists tried to create a real cinema in the early 1930s and failed.The reason was simple: The camera always chooses to focus on something within the frame, therefore limiting the viewers options not very realistic.Moore does much of the same.He uses his art as a persuasion.He never admits to presenting an objective view, nor should he be required to.Film, documentary or otherwise, is left to the sole discretion of the artist.Moores work is in fact a documentary because it presents facts of a non-fiction story (not like a non-fiction dramatization, such as Patton).Although it may conceal some facts as well, it is not the obligation of a documentary to present things in an objective manner such Related Papers Question 2: what I found out about Politics and the Media Columbine Massacre Speech What Makes a Credible Documentary Magic Realism Film Criteria Malcolm X vs. Skins What are the conventions in films that help to signify Genre Theory Robocop How to cite this page Choose cite format: Bowling for Columbine. 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Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-bowling-for-columbine/ Copy to clipboard A Pages:5 Words:1126 This is just a sample.To get a unique paper Hire Writer Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? 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Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Bowling for Columbine Paper On the 20th of April, 1999, in a little town called Lilleton in the U. S, two students from the Columbine High School committed a massacre. During a period of three hours, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed twelve students and one teacher, and injured dozens of others. Finally, they shot themselves in the head. Later the police detected over 900 bullet holes in the school (Bowling for Columbine)1. Apart from this horrible crime, the macabre fact is that all of the involved guns which had killed these innocent people were legally purchased, and the huge amount of bullets was bought at the K-Mart down the street (Bowling for Columbine). It is true, nobody will ever know if this disaster could have been prevented by a general gun control at that time, but one thing is for sure: it would have been a lot more difficult to purchase the used firearms and bullets if a general gun control would have been enacted before. Although, a comparison between the USA and the UK, where gunposession was prohibited in 1997, shows that after enacting the law, the crime rate surprisingly went up instead of down, still more than 10. 000 humans die because of guns in the States every year. That number represents the highest death rate in developed countries and can only be reduced by a stricter enforcement of gun control. As a result, the crime rate would get lower and the public would be safer place. In his article What gun controllers dont want you to know2, Howard Nemerov, who not only graduated from Harvard and won the National Book Award, but also got the Pulitzer Price, is presenting a vivid example that the inaction of gun control can end in a failure by analyzing official crime rates of the United States from 1992 till 2004. Coeval, Nemerov lists the same period of crime rates of the United Kingdom, where 1997 had been a strict gun ban, prohibiting civilians of possessing any kind of handgun and compares them to the US. The crime rate was expected to drop, but in fact it went in the completely opposite direction, as the following statistics show. In 1992, the UK had a burglary with entrance rate of 2. 5%, and the U. S had a rate of 3. 5%, one percent higher than the UK. If compared to the statistics of the year 2000, the burglary rate in the UK went up to 2. 8%, and that was after the prohibition of guns in 1997. In contrast, the percentage in the U. S. went down to 1. 8%. In addition to burglary with entry he also compared the statistics of sexual assault of women, robbery and assault with force. In all three of these indices the outcome is similar; the percentage in the U. K. rose, whereas in the U. S. it sank. Furthermore he presents the fact that in that period, where guns were prohibited in the U. K. over 70 million guns were sold in the States. He summarizes that [], a reasonable person is forced to conclude that availability of firearms to the general public is not a contributing factor to any increase in crime. He continues with another fact stated by the Home Office of Britain: during 1997 and 2001 homicide rates rose 19% in the UK while falling 12% in the USA. His comparison shows, that a general prohibition of gun possession does not already mean that crime rates will go down. However, the annually average death rate through guns in the UK is 163 times is lower than in the US. The exact number of shot people in the UK in 2001 was 63 and in the US amazing 11 127 (Bowling for Columbine). In addition to the fact that the US has the highest death rate through the use of guns, also accidents while using guns with no criminal intentions rise the death statistics. In 1996 140 children were killed after being accidentally shot and about 1500 children are hurt by guns every year. Since it is a fact that the US has the highest shooting death rate of 11 127 humans annually compared to other developed countries, 91% of American citizens are for at least minor restrictions on gun ownership. In addition to that, 57%, more than half of the Americans, even vote for a gun ban or major restrictions. It is a fact that some foreign countries have low rate of crimes despite they have less restrictions than the US. For example, Switzerland and Japan have gun policy which is completely different form those in the US; nevertheless, the crimes rates of these countries are quite low in comparison with the US ones. 3 One more example: the Swiss are issued fully-automatic rifles to keep at home, yet abuse of military weapons is rare. The Swiss own two million firearms, including handguns and semi-automatic rifles, they shoot about 60 million rounds of ammunition per year, and the rate of violent gun abuse is low. 4 Lets compare: rifles and handguns are prohibited in Japan, they have a very strict policy as for this issue, and its very difficult for a person to get a gun in Japan. Yet, the number of crimes doesnt lowers, but is even going much higher. The same may be said about many countries which have strict restrictions as for the weapons. 5 So, in the U. S. crime rates have shown to be lower than in courtiers with strict firearms laws. And they werent raised even with the fact that since 1991 in the USA the number of privately owned firearms has risen by perhaps 50 million. Only in 1993-1999 the number of guns privately owned in the States increased on 37 millions. Notwithstanding, the accidents or murders rates didnt go higher. This point may lead to the conclusion that the gun policy restriction wouldnt influence it too, but I think thats not right. People buy guns. And each gut ever bought is a certain threat to eny one of us. Another question is why people buy weapons? What for? Why? What influences people? Why do people bear guns, why do they use them? People are afraid of becoming a victim, they try to defense themselves. And media is the thing which has a great influence at peoples mind. The public depends on the media for its pictures of crime. Many peoples opinion about the situation in the country, about crimes taking place periodically forms on the basis of what they see on the screen, what they hear on the radio. And those horrible events the journalists describe in their coverages make people be afraid of becoming a victim. In addition a great number of such headlines in the newspapers, a great number of such reports on the news. As a result, people what to make sure nothing like that ever happens with them and get guns mislead by the idea that it will help.

Idioms About Distance

Idioms About Distance Idioms About Distance Idioms About Distance By Mark Nichol The English language, rich with idiom, is replete with colorful words and phrases about measurement of distance. Here is a look at some of those expressions, roughly in order of the magnitude of the length being referred to. Colloquial phrases about distances include hairbreadth, referring, as the word indicates, to the thickness of a hair with the connotation of coming within an infinitesimal distance of doing something. The closing of this compound word, first known to have been used in the early 1600s, is unusual, as is the insertion of the plural s in the middle of the plural form: hairsbreadth. Similarly, one can refer to doing something â€Å"by a whisker.† One can also say that that a room or other place is so small, one could not swing a cat in the confined space. Two idioms that do not refer to literal distance but include figurative references to distance follow: To express that someone is not trustworthy, one can write or say, â€Å"I don’t trust [someone] any farther than I can throw him† (or her). To indicate that one does not want to get close to an object or a subject, one can refer to not wanting to touch something or someone with a ten-foot pole- or, rarely, a barge pole (referring to a long pole used to propel a barge, a long, flat boat used for hauling freight or debris, by pushing the pole’s end against the shallow bottom of the waterway). A small but more extensive distance might be described as a hop, skip, and a jump or spitting distance (not to be confused with the much more intimate striking distance, denoting sufficient proximity to hit someone or something), though these expressions refer to more than the literal distance, likely even more than â€Å"a stone’s throw†- literally, the distance one can throw a rock of indeterminate size. Meanwhile, something right in one’s backyard is no great distance. Many people are familiar with the expression â€Å"Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes,† attributed to various American officers during the Battle of Bunker Hill during the Revolutionary War. This admonition to withhold musket fire until the targeted enemy is close enough for a sure shot that justifies the use of precious ammunition had been used repeatedly in various forms for several decades before that conflict, however, and originated with a Swedish king in the early 1600s. It never achieved popular usage, though, even as a figurative expression. An expression from the American South refers to how many looks away a destination is; this term denotes how many landmarks one must look for before arriving. (â€Å"Turn right at the church, then, when you come to a big stump right next to the road, take the next left turn, and it’s right past the creek crossing† represents three or four looks, depending on whether the left turn after the stump counts as a look.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor15 Types of DocumentsWhat the Heck are "Peeps"?

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Personal Statement Example I have therefore over time learnt to be hardworking and always desire environments that stimulate my intellectual abilities and this I hope to enjoy at California University. As a result of the cultivated culture of handwork and desire for all round development I attained very good grades in subjects such as mathematics and English as well as sports subjects like Soccer and physical education classes. I also have a strong desire of learning in environments with people from different parts of the world since I believe there is strength in diversity. I therefore am applying for the University of California’s transfer program not only to benefit from the challenges of being in new environment but also to benefit from learning in a diverse environment that will enhance cultural exchange. I believe therefore the educational experience at the University of California will be enriching and fulfilling in terms of meeting my professional goals. I am a strong disciple of knowledge and quality education hence would always strive to get just that and apply the same to the betterment of humanity. I believe the very diverse learning environment that is the University of California will give me an opportunity to independently learn, interact with people from all over the world and stimulate my critical thought. I will make use of all opportunities to gain knowledge which I should apply in offering solutions to our world’s many problems on graduating an Actuarial Scientist from the University of California. By applying my knowledge and offering solutions to issues facing the world I believe will be able to touch, transform lives of people and contribute significantly towards society’s health. I am also an avid sports person; I highly appreciate the value of sports in enhancing the health and stability of society. I studied and attained straight A grades in soccer and physical education while at college. I participated as a soccer player in the

GIS design and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

GIS design and technology - Essay Example The paper tells that Geographical Information System (GIS) was created with the ability to assemble, analyze, manipulate, update, store and display information which has been geographically referenced according to the location of the data. For it to function it requires a vast amount of data hence making the projects which use GIS very expensive. Its data originate from images of satellites, maps, GPS data from survey an all other instruments which can attribute data. Before the development of Internet GIS large amount of data of different field like road networks, sewer lines, telecommunication lines and natural resources were useless as they were available in large unorganized states which makes them hard to retrieve and analyze. The creation of GIS solved this problem hence the organization of GIS databases which had all the information needed. Elangovan attributes GIS development is to different disciplines like databases, computer science, computer mapping, Computer Aided Design , remote sensing, geography, Cartography and many more. Different discipline had different functions in the GIS. Databases is used to store, manipulate and retrieval of the data. Computer mapping is used to create maps in the computer while the remote sensing is used to take satellite images. Through the combination of these and other disciplines the GIS emerged a super field which is very helpful. The development of GIS can be generally grouped into four stages of development according to Elangovan (2006, p.10). Between 1960 and 1975 there was introduction of the GIS concept. Due to this fact only few people used in mainframe computers. In between 1973 and early 1980s though many experiment and practice were done, there was little information as individuals were the one doing the research hence duplication of work. There was development of many GIS software between 1982 and late 1990s. This improved the growth of GIS. The last stage is between 1990 and 2000. In this stage there was standardization of the GIS due to the easy availability of software both for ensuring user friendliness and for a platform for working. After 2000 GIS had multi use like virtual reality, mobile mapping and web based GIS. Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965 was successful in the creation of processing of graphic data through computer aid. This fastened the development of GIS. Agencies in USA, Canada and the UK started using the GIS for the processing of large data amounts. The first to use GIS was the Canada government. The Canadian government used the GIS for management of land and other resources. The US government used the GIS for Geographical Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) which is used to analyze data on the use of land and land cover. In 1970s the Swedish bank on land data used the GIS to make the registration of land and properties automatic. After the development of Geographical Information Mapping and Management System (GIMMS) by the University of Minnesota , in 1963, there was publishing of the Atlas of Britain through the use of information in the GIS. It was printed by the Bickmore and his team of cartography. In 1970 there was publishing of the first multicolour map in Britain. The production of commercial GIS was done by the Harvard Graphic labs in 1970. There was also creation of many cartographic packages like GIMMS, GRID, GEOMAP and MAP. Between 1970s and 1980s there was development of many GIS packages. In 1975 after the first academic meeting about GIS in the UK there was release of the

Paris Hilton: The Eigth Deadly SIn :: essays research papers

Paris Hilton: The Eighth Deadly Sin Pride, envy, anger, avarice, sloth, gluttony, lust, and Paris Hilton. The seven deadly sins and Paris the heiress have combined to overtake pop culture as we know it. It may be a coincidence this blond bombshells favorite number is seven, but in the pubic eye Paris is the epitome of such sins. Who blames her? She’s famous, wealthy, beautiful, human, and everywhere you look. From the television, to movies, magazines, books, clothing lines, and even armature video stores†¦ the list goes on, and so she follows. America is obsessed with Paris. When Hilton’s dog, Tinkerbell, disappeared it made national news. When the heiress herself attended a New York Knicks game, Madison square garden chanted her name, while the not so lucky Knicks were down thirty points in the third quarter. Our obsession with Paris has reached an all time high. Americans are now beginning to look, smell, talk and act like Miss Hilton herself. Pride as stated in the seven deadly sins is the desire to be important or attractive to others and to show excessive love of self. In such a case America must forgive Miss Hilton, for she has sinned. Paris had no problem denying she â€Å"feel’s lucky when she looks in the mirror,† in her December 2004 interview with Rolling Stones. But does America blame her for feeling lucky? She is the epitome of lucky and not to mention a designers dream. As Nicole Jones states in her, Getting the Style, commentary Paris has the body of a runway model, and alien thinness that few bear naturally. Designers are not fools to the Paris pandemonium. Not only can she flawlessly sport a trend, she can also sell one†¦ or even two. With a single picture Paris brought forth the Von Dutch decade and the times of the trucker†¦ hat that is. Paris’s trends have teenagers out spending their cold hard cash on real expensive cotton. As Nicole Jones points out in her commentary, Amer ica loves Hilton’s fashion because it is not too difficult for us to incorporate in our own wardrobe. It didn’t take long for guess designer, Marciano, to realize he wanted to bring in some of the Paris’s pop culture platinum. According to Forbes magazine, after making Miss Hilton Marciano’s new guess girl sales rose about 16%. Paris herself does not even underestimate the power of her and name, and in essence continues to commit the

Father Flynn’s Parables Essay

Father Flynn has a talent for telling a parable. He is forcefully open to specific events that he recently encounters. As the play opens he expresses main points in the theme using a parable, to teach a lesson of doubt, and to not fear doubt. This sermon foreshadows the dramatic ending to the conclusion of the play but throughout sets a tone for questioning each character and their opinion. As Father Flynn opens his first sermon with a question that insinuates doubt, by asking â€Å"What do you do when you’re not sure?† (p. 1939) I believe he is also asking the congregation to open their minds up to the fearful thoughts of someone who is isolated and doesn’t know where to turn for the right answer, because everything they have been taught has now brought them to a desperate and questionable place in their lives. He is seeking to bring them together even when they do not understand someone or a situation. He suggests despair can describe a type of doubt, and in despair, â€Å"Your bond with your fellow beings was your despair.† (p. 1939) The fear of doubt can isolate someone and seeking approval or guidance can be difficult when someone feels they are alone. He uses the example of â€Å"You seeing the world through a window. On the one side of the glass: happy, untroubled people. On the other side: you.† It is a difficult thing to hit a point in life and question everything you have ever been taught. The person that is growing into an individual with opinion and preferences is gradually realizing that the world isn’t black and white. There are rules that we follow in society or in a church community and as strict as those rules could be followed the human instinct to follow preference in life becomes more important. However, the fear of going against something that has always been taught to be the only way to achieve something in life or be successful in life can lead us back to the beginning. Where our roots began, which in this case Father Flynn uses the example in his first sermon where he says, â€Å"being of nautical discipline, turned his eyes to the heavens and read the stars.† (p.1939) At the moment that there is no clarity in the decisions that can be made in life the seriousness of doubting everything someone knows becomes so scary that they don’t know what to do after starting from the beginning and  still not getting results. When Father Flynn addresses that the sailor,† thought he was on course but there was no way to be certain†,(p.1939) the sailor is left in a state of doubt not only because there was no definitive way to be sure he was on the right path but also further questioning the thought process behind following stars and how reliable it truly wa s. Throughout doubting, unlike in the sailor’s case, Father Flynn encourages that bonding and not turning away from those who doubt circumstances in life is more gratifying than leaving one person isolated. The support, even if it is just one person, as we later see in the play, can be enough reassurance for someone to restore their faith, or make it through a difficult time. In Father Flynn’s second sermon there is no question about what and who he is addressing. The play has now escalated to confrontation about assumptions, and with those assumptions there have been many displays of doubt that is trying to be proven by Sister Aloysius. She believes that Father Flynn is a child molester and a certain child has been targeted because of his circumstances. He is very clear about this when he opens his sermon saying, â€Å"A woman was gossiping with a friend about a man she hardly knew.† (p.1955) Sister Aloysius has made very serious accusations about Father Flynn and he recognizes that her determination and the doubtfulness of the evidence that could go in his favor or against him put him in such a negative predicament that he has to protect himself. Not only does he now doubt her and her judgment of people because she does not see him for who is really is and trust him, but he now sees that she does not really know who he is as a person. He foreshadows Sister Aloysius’ doubt in this next comment from the sermon saying, â€Å"She was immediately seized with an overwhelming sense of guilt,†(p.1956) when she had a dream that the hand of God appeared over her and pointed down on her. Immediately the woman starts to doubt that she has been following the right path and God’s word and has to ask, â€Å"Is gossiping a sin?†(p.1956) This is something as Christian that anyone should know however the woman needs confirmation. Father Flynn later states that through gossip this woman has, â€Å"played fast and loose with his reputation, and you should be heartily ashamed!† Sister Aloysius could seriously ruin Father Flynn’s reputation which he recognized immediately.  She had no concern for him so she did not care what she said about him and how it could affect him and his reputation or even the truth of the matter she was trying to resolve. As a result of Sister Aloysius’ determination to get rid of Father Flynn not only does she not get the answers she needed to be sure of his behavior, she can only wonder that with his new promotion and new placement still in the priesthood that she could have been very wrong. Or maybe that she was right and he just knows how to work the system. Either way she still ends the play with doubt of her beliefs as Father Flynn continues on without doubt that he did well and handled the situation as best that he could. Work Cited Shanley, John Patrick. Doubt: A Parable. Meyer, Michael. The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing. 9th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. 1938-1969.

How to Distill Ethanol or Grain Alcohol

Ethanol is also called ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. Its made from a fermented mixture of corn, yeast, sugar, and water. The resulting alcohol is 100 to 200 proof (200 proof is pure alcohol). In addition to use in the lab, ethanol is a popular fuel alternative and gasoline additive. Because it is flammable, ethanol can be prohibitively expensive to ship, so it may make sense to distill your own. Anyone can have a still, but be advised that you may need to get a permit in order to make ethanol. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 3–10 days, sometimes longer How-To Steps If you are starting with whole corn, you first need to convert the cornstarch into sugar by sprouting the corn. Place the corn in a container, cover it with warm water, and drape a cloth over the container to prevent contamination and conserve heat. Ideally, the container will have a slowly draining hole at the bottom. Add warm water from time to time as the liquid level falls. Maintain the setup for around 3 days or until the corn has sprouts about 2 inches long.Allow the sprouted corn to dry. Then grind it into meal. Alternatively, start with cornmeal. Other grains can be prepared in much the same way (e.g., rye mash).Mash or mush is made by adding boiling water to the cornmeal. The mash is kept warm to start the fermentation process. Yeast is added, if available (half pound yeast per 50 gallons of mash, for example), and sugar (variable recipes). With yeast, fermentation takes about 3 days. Without yeast, fermentation can require more than 10 days. The mash is ready to run once it stops bubbling. The mash has been converted into carbonic acid and alcohol. It is called wash or beer or sour mash.The wash is placed into a cooker, which has a lid that is pasted shut so that it has a seal that can be blown off should internal pressure become too great. At the top of the cooker, there is a copper pipe or arm that projects to one side and tapers down from a 4–5 inch diameter to the same diameter as the worm (1 to 1-1/4 inch). The worm can be made by taking a 20 ft length of copper tubing, filling it with sand and stopping the ends, and then coiling it around a fence post.The sand prevents the tubing from kinking while being coiled. Once the worm is formed, the sand is flushed out of the tube. The worm is placed in a barrel and sealed to the end of the arm. The barrel is kept full of cold, running water, to condense the alcohol. Water runs in the top of the barrel and out an opening at the bottom. A fire is maintained under the cooker to vaporize the alcohol in the wash.The ethanol vaporizes at 173Â °F, which is the target temperature for the mixture. The spirit will rise to the top of the cooker, enter the arm, and will be cooled to the condensation point in the worm. The resulting liquid is collected at the end of the worm, traditionally into glass jars. This fluid will be translucent, with a color similar to that of dark beer.The very first liquid contains volatile oil contaminants in addition to alcohol. After that, liquid is collected. The containers of liquid collected from over the wash are called singlings. Liquid collected toward the end of this run is called low wine. Low wine can be collected and returned to the still to be cooked again. The initial collections are higher proof than those collected as the distillation progresses.The singlings tend to have impurities and require double-distillation, so once the low wine has been run to the point where a tablespoon or so thrown on a flame wont burn (too low proof), the heat is removed from the still, and the cooker is cleaned out. The liquid remaining in the still, the backings or slop, can be recovered and poured over new grain (and sugar, water, and possibly malt) in a mash barrel for future distillations. Discard mash after no more than eight uses.The singlings are poured into the cooker, and the still is returned to operation. The initial collections can approach pure alcohol (200 proof), with the end collections, using the flash test on the flame, at about 10 proof.The desired proof depends on the application. The highest proof usually obtained from a still is 190 proof. For using alcohol as a fuel alternative, for example, additional purification with a sieve may be required to obtain 200 proof ethanol. Tips If you live in the United States, a permit may be required in order to distill ethanol legally.Stills traditionally were operated close to a water source, such as a stream or river, because the cool water was used to condense the alcohol in the tubing (the worm)Stills needed to have removable tops so that they wouldnt explode when pressure built up from heating the mash. What You Need 25 lb cornmeal or 25 lb shelled whole corn100 lb sugar (sucrose)100 gallons water6 oz yeast

A Beginners Guide to the Neolithic Period

The Neolithic period as a notion is based on an idea from the 19th century, when John Lubbock split Christian Thomsens Stone Age into the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) and New Stone Age (Neolithic). In 1865, Lubbock distinguished the Neolithic as when polished or ground stone tools were first used but since Lubbocks day, the definition of Neolithic is a package of characteristics: groundstone tools, rectangular buildings, pottery, people living in settled villages and, most importantly, the production of food by developing a working relationship with animals and plants called domestication. Theories In archaeological history, there have been many different theories about how and why agriculture was invented and then adopted by others: the Oasis Theory, the Hilly Flanks Theory, and the Marginal Area or Periphery Theory are only the most well-known. In retrospect, it does seem odd that after two million years of hunting and gathering, people would suddenly start producing their own food. Some scholars even debate whether farming—a labor-intensive task which requires the active support of a community—was really a positive choice for hunter-gatherers. The remarkable changes that agriculture brought to people are what some scholars call the Neolithic Revolution. Most archaeologists today have abandoned the idea of one single overarching theory for the invention and cultural adoption of farming, because studies have shown that circumstances and processes varied from place to place. Some groups willingly embraced the stability of animal and plant tending while others fought to maintain their hunter-gatherer lifestyle for hundreds of years. Where The Neolithic, if you define it as the independent invention of agriculture, can be identified in several different places. The main hubs of plant and animal domestication are considered to include the Fertile Crescent and the adjacent hilly flanks of the Taurus and Zagros mountains; the Yellow and Yangtze river valleys of northern China; and central America, including parts of northern South America. Plants and animals domesticated in these heartlands were adopted by other peoples in adjacent regions, traded across continents, or brought to those people by migrations. However, there is increasing evidence that hunter-gatherer horticulture led to independent domestication of plants in other locations, such as Eastern North America. The Earliest Farmers The earliest domestications, animal and plant (that we know of), occurred some 12,000 years ago in southwest Asia and the Near East in the Fertile Crescent of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and the lower slopes of the Zagros and Taurus mountains adjacent to the Fertile Crescent. Sources and Further Information Bogucki P. 2008. EUROPE | Neolithic. In: Pearsall, DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1175-1187.Hayden B. 1990. Nimrods, piscators, pluckers, and planters: The emergence of food production. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9(1):31-69.Lee G-A, Crawford GW, Liu L, and Chen X. 2007. Plants and people from the Early Neolithic to Shang periods in North China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(3):1087-1092.Pearsall DM. 2008. Plant domestication. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. London: Elsevier Inc. p 1822-1842.Richard S. 2008. ASIA, WEST | Archaeology of the Near East: The Levant. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 834-848.Wenming Y. 2004. The Cradle of Eastern Civilization. pp. 49-75 in Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past, Volume 1. Xiaoneng Yang, editor. Yale University Press, New Haven.Zeder MA. 2008. Domestication and e arly agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(33):11597-11604.Zeder MA. 2012. The Broad Spectrum Revolution at 40: Resource diversity, intensification, and an alternative to optimal foraging explanations. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 31(3):241-264.Zeder MA. 2015. Core questions in domestication research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(11):3191-3198.Zeder MA, Emshwiller E, Smith BD, and Bradley DG. 2006. Documenting domestication: the intersection of genetics and archaeology. Trends in Genetics 22(3):139-155.

The Tragic Hero of The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay

The Tragic Hero of The Crucible A tragedy should bring fear and pity to the reader. A man in this tragedy should not be exceptionally righteous, but his faults should come about because of a certain irreversible error on his part. This man should find a bad or fatal ending to add to the tragedy of the story, for this man in the tragic hero. The protagonist John Proctor portrays a tragic hero in The Crucible; his hamartia of adultery causes great internal struggles, he displays hubris by challenging authority, and he encounters catastrophe through recognition and reversal. John Proctors decision to betray his wife causes internal struggles and ultimately leads to his catastrophe at the end of the drama. Hamartia†¦show more content†¦Proctor?s hamartia of adultery indirectly causes his jailing and gives him the reputation of a liar. The court views his real truth as a lie and believes he defies authority. Although John Proctor does not truly defy authority in this scene of the play, for he tells the truth and his wife lies, he challenges control in many other instances. John Proctor exposes hubris through his hate of Reverend Parris. Hubris is placing ones self equal to authority or to God, and it is a necessary trait of the tragic hero. John Proctor proclaims that he does not go to Church, an act the court and townspeople view as a revolt on the supremacy of God, because the Reverend Parris is corrupt. Parris is greedy and cares more about the sake of his reputation that the health of his own daughter. Proctor resents the Church because Parris runs it. In the eyes of officials, this casual negligence of God turns Proctor into an unchristian, sinful rebel. Though Proctor?s reasons for disregarding the Church are quite reasonable, people do not accept them in this time of devils and evil. The tragic hero not only places himself as an equal of God, but as an equal of court authority as well. John Proctor insults the court by tearing up a search warrant, and officials later accuse him of trying to overthrow the court because of his controversial eviden ce against Abigail and the girls. When Herrick and Cheever appear at the Proctor home to capture and take awayShow MoreRelated John Proctor is a Tragic Hero in The Crucible by Arthur Miller688 Words   |  3 Pagestimes of the ancient Greeks, tragic heroes have been used to enhance the meaning of a play or literary work. Any character cannot be described as tragic hero. Several key characteristics are necessary for the tragic hero to possess in order to be characterized as such. He must be high-ranked or have a high standing in the community. He must have a weakness or a tragic flaw and be involved in a struggle. In the end, that struggle will lead to his downfall. Arthur Miller purposely incorporates theseRead MoreThe Tragic Hero, John Practor, in The Crucible by Arthur Miller686 Words   |  3 Pages John Proctor The Crucible by Arthur Miller is set in Salem in a Puritan community. John Proctor had everything the average puritan could ever want: a farm to ceaselessly toil upon, three sons to discipline, and a wife to spend his life with. Proctor was a guy that wasn’t afraid to speak his mind and throughout Salem he was respected and honored for it. But John wasn’t the perfect man either he had betrayed his wife and committed adultery. John Proctor is the tragic hero because he is loving,Read MoreEssay The Tragic Hero in The Crucible by Arthur Miller913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucibles Tragic Hero A tragic event should bring fear and pity to the reader and the hero should be courageous and noble, hence when combined a tragic hero is presented. The protagonist, John Proctor, portrays a tragic hero in The Crucible. His hamartia of treachery caused great internal struggles, he displays hubris by challenging authority, and encountered catastrophe as the play went on. John Proctor’s decision to betray his wife caused internal turmoil and ultimately lead to hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Huang Ms. Folkrod English 3, Period 7 26 October 2014 Proctor’s Pride and Downfall A tragic hero is a hero in a story whose natural flaws or wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frankRead MoreThe True Tragic Hero: The Crucible’s John Proctor Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesThe true tragic hero: The Crucible’s John Proctor A tragic hero is a noble man who commits a fatal flaw. The hero’s downfall is a result of their choices which leads to a punishment that exceeds the crime. â€Å"The difference between Proctor and Willy Loman is enormous; the former is the rather typical tragic hero who is defiant to the end, the latter is trapped in submission and is living a lie† (McGill 4). John Proctor is one of the main characters in The Crucible. he is married to Elizabeth ProctorRead MoreJohn Proctor as a Tragic Hero in The Crucible850 Words   |  4 Pagesplay by Arthur Miller The Crucible, the town of Salem is in pandemonium under the non-existent threat of witchcraft. Every character is either lying to save their lives or to end others, or dying for not admitting to a lie. One character who stands out among the chaotic conflagration is the tragic hero John Proctor. In Greek drama, a tragic hero is defined as â€Å"a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy that is destined for dow nfall, suffering, or defeat.† No character in The Crucible fits thisRead MoreJohn Proctor as Tragic Hero of Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Proctor as Tragic Hero of Arthur Millers The Crucible In the play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, John Proctor fits the classic Greek definition of a tragic hero.   Aristotle, one of the great Greek philosophers, teachers and writers, stated that one of the most important aspects of a tragedy was the tragic hero.   He defined a tragic hero as a noble person that goes from a state of fortune and happiness to a state of utter misery.   The character’s tragic flaw causes this changeRead MoreCompare And Contrast John Proctor In The Crucible773 Words   |  4 Pages The Crucible by Arthur Miller, is a play written to mirror the anti-communist hysteria and how Joseph McCarthy went on â€Å"witch hunts†, which was basically finding an innocent person who was accused of being a witch and punishing them. Throughout The Crucible you will see very similar actions that mirror the McCarthy era; like how Abigail gets mad John Proctor does not want to be with her and spreads a rumor that his wife is a witch. â€Å"A tragic hero is the main character in a tragedy,† directly describesRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible2214 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Proctor: A tragic hero A man s reputation in many forms is his, life’s work. To have your reputation dismantled is like taking away one s accomplishments and life’s work. Arthur Miller s The Crucible is a play about justice and injustice, and how our justice system can be easily corrupted. The story revolves around a man named John Proctor, the tragic hero of this story. John Protector is a symbolic character created by Arthur Miller, because he faced the justice system head on. Proctor’sRead MoreLook At The Dark Side Of The Moon1361 Words   |  6 PagesLook at the dark side of the Moon: The Crucible research paper The human race had never seen the dark side of the moon until the astronauts traveled out to space. In our world, there are a lot of things that are invisible like the dark side of the moon. Some of these objects are under one’s nose, veiled in mystery and apathy of the people. These objects that are missed, gives the viewers a whole different image when it is seen from a particular angle. These unconsciously ignored components of

Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people Free Essays

string(53) " If alcoholics stopped drinking they do seem to die\." Young people are also more likely to start mocking If their friends or family are smokers. The present study Is a quantitative research with young adult smokers (at the xx Learning Centre) based on focus group discussions where a range of smoking-related topics were covered. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sample The sample in this study included 6 males and 4 females, aged between 13 and 17 years, 7 smokers and 2 non-smokers. Of this group of adolescents only 2 parents are non-smokers. My aim was to maximize variation in our sample to include young men and women, smokers and non-smokers, and different age categories. My discourse analytic perspective here concentrates on talk between speakers and allows me to highlight how meanings around smoking and health are worked up. Debated and disputed in the group. Informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the Focus group interview (Appendix A and B). The focus group took place in the â€Å"Unanimous† Learning Centre. For anonymity reasons the name of the participants have been changed. 3. Procedure In this study we used two focus groups of five participants each. Focus groups mimic ‘natural’ peer groups, so that the data will likely be authentic, rich and Informative. Focus groups have long been used In social science research, Including psychology (Crossly, 2000; Wilkinson, 2003), and can be particularly useful in identifying both diverse individual accounts and prevailing social factors which influence and constrain actions. In the context of young people and smoking, focus group research allows us to gain access to the multiplicity of perspectives presented and will also illuminate how accounts are constructed and negotiated within peer groups. Participants were given a number of prompts about their views on smoking, such as Please tell me why you believe you started smoking’ and ‘Please tell me what role you believe smoking/not smoking plays in your life’. Participants were encouraged to discuss these views among themselves, with minimal input from the facilitator. The discussion, which lasted around forty minute for each group, was recorded and then transcribed verbatim. 4. Analysis Health was generally not cited as a major concern for our young people, and was not participants seemed much more concerned with the financial burden engendered by smoking. When the topic of health risks was brought up, there was a general tendency o downplay or discount these. Moreover, it was claimed that smoking could function effectively as a form of stress relief, even when the stress is engendered by exposure to smoking-related health scares, either in the media or within families. The two discursive patterns are formulated as follows: ‘ Everything is bad for you now: Contesting smoking-related health risks ‘It does make you feel better’: Smoking as stress-relief 4. 1 . ‘Everything is bad for you now: Contesting smoking-related health risks Contesting smoking-related health risks arioso strategies were deployed which endured the health risks linked to smoking as exaggerated, a ploy which clearly works to rationalist and uphold current smoking – a way of misusing the self from the specter of illness and mortality. For example, other mundane practices are cited which involve risk, and life itself is presented as saturated with risk: Nicola – Mimi like to think yourself that you’re not going to get cancer, I mean, they’re saying that cancer is caused by all these different things 0 1 mean who’s to say that smoking is definitely the worst one? † In this excerpt there is some recognition of risk but then other organogenesis are alluded to and the dedicated link between smoking and cancer is undermined (Whoso to say? ). Thus, smoking is construed as nothing special, Just one of any number of possible causes of cancer (so many things’), and therefore not worthy of disproportionate attention. E. Generalizes the notion of risk – ‘everything is bad for you now – so that living per SE becomes inured with risk, something that affects ‘everyone’. Note the extreme case formulations which litter this extract: ‘ all these different things’; ‘So, smoking is part of life and is practiced with care. Facilitator: So, are health concerns an issue? Simon: Well, yeah. Not really, I suppose, because sometimes you feel like crap because your lungs are hurting, because you’ve been caning it all weekend, but you think, well you might give up smoking, give up drinking, give up anything – and then get knocked down by a bus, but 0 if you’re going to stop everything that you enjoy, well what’s the point of living forever? You know what I mean? Aaron: But don’t you, sometimes you Just think Well, what’s the point of it? You’re Just breathing in horrible smoke into your body Simon: It’s like what’s the point of drinking? It’s fun! The health risks of smoking are conceded, with reference to current, minor symptoms. However, smoking is likened to other pleasurable activities (e. G. ‘drinking’) and anything/’everything you enjoy so that living is defined in terms of enjoyment over risk, the emphasis is on fun’ and not denying oneself gratification – even if it means a shorter life-span or inhaling ‘horrible smoke’. Bob: A guy, a guy I went to school with was cross country champion for our county, and he used to smoke like twenty a day [laughs] He used to smoke loads of weed and that, and he used to run for ages [laughs] (. You see someone like that, it’s Just like, whoa! So, citing cases, where smoking has not impeded sporting performance, undermines claims about the deleterious health consequences of smoking and helps Justify continued smoking. The case of the cross-country champion cited by Bob is also interesting because impressive, and further contesting the connection between smoking and not being healthy. Lucas I knew somebody who used to smoke ten a day when they were about eighty-odd and have a glass of brandy every day 0 and when they got put in a nursing home they took it all off her and within weeks she were dead. Tara: It’s like alcoholics, isn’t it? If alcoholics stopped drinking they do seem to die. You read "Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people" in category "Papers" In this extract, the dangers of stopping smoking are emphasizes, thereby inverting the ‘normalizing about taking up or continuing smoking. Facilitator: What are the health worries you might have about smoking? Bob: Cancer David: None, ‘coos I know a guy that lived until he was 23 and Just dropped dead. He didn’t smoke and didn’t drink. You know, the way I see it, you only live once – you might as well do it, haven’t you. Here Bobby’s immediate response concerning health fears is not taken up as the others proceed to reject this pre-occupation. David immediately invokes the case of a non-smoker who died suddenly as a means of challenging the link between smoking and ill-health. The randomness of life then becomes a key theme, which again works to rationalist current smoking. As one participant put it: ‘it Just shows that you’re having a good time, you know, drinking and having a cigarette, and it Just kind of ties in together’ (Kate). Here, smoking (and drinking) is inextricably tied to enjoyment, an automatic indicator of ‘good times’. 4. 2. ‘It does make you feel better’: Smoking as stress-relief A very predominant theme cross all discussions was the benefits of smoking in terms of stress relief, arising from various sources: Tara: It does make you feel better when you’ve been sat there and you’ve Just been in class, and you Just think ‘Oh, I’m going to go for a bag, and you go down and you have it, it does give you some kind of buzz, because it does definitely chill you out a bit, doesn’t it. Rachel: It gives me a couple of minutes and just chills me out, like if something that had upset me, like my family, Vie been thrown out of my house and that’s the reason why I started smoking a lot more because of more stress and stuff. I do think that having a cigarette makes me relax a bit. Tara: At the moment I don’t want to [stop smoking] because I do see smoking as helping me chill out a bit – I mean, if I didn’t I’d be a tiger! Rachel: Vie actually been told by my doctor not to stop smoking – he says its got anger management, it calms me down. Both participants point to the grim consequences of not smoking I. E. Uncontaminated irritability. Earache’s claim is warranted with reference to an authoritative source (a medic), which is culturally garnished with expertise. Rachel: Yes, that’s the reason I first started smoking again, because I’d stopped smoking for so Eng and my dad gave up smoking, and my dad’s been smoking since he was twelve, and he stopped for six month and then he had a heart attack. You would expect that to make me think ‘Right, need to stop smoking, or whatever, but straight away I went ‘Mum, give us a bag, because I honestly didn’t know what to do and I needed something to concentrate on – it gives you something to think about other than what’s going on around you. In summary, smoking is popularly constructed as a positive resource in times of stress, whether provoked by , arguments with friends and family, school, and paradoxically , exposure to smoking-related disease within families. 5. Conclusions smokers since, from the focus groups shows that smoking is understood as a rational choice (rather than, say, addiction) conferring benefits (stress relief, enjoyment). This finding is in line with other research on ‘alternative rationalities’ (Crossly, 2000) with adult smokers. However we should take in consideration that the qualitative research literature on smoking deploys a range of methods while in this study we analyze the young people smoking practices within a social (focus group) context. Smoking is explicitly linked to pleasure and relaxation (often tied to drinking contexts – see also Johnson et al. , 2000). Our participants also link other lifestyle practices to risk and they see life itself as a risk where preoccupation with smoking-related or any other problems is deemed excessive and paralyzing. To some extent, it is fair to say that our sample construed risky smoking as necessary to cope with their family/friends/ environment pressure. Overall our analysis points to the various ways in which the young smokers skillfully deflect the concerns of a health-conscious culture. It gaslights how, in a period of increasing pressure on smokers to quit, the young people in our focus group have created a series of complex and creative accounts to defend and preserve what is clearly perceived as an important social practice. Surely our young smokers are expressing ‘unrealistic optimism’ (Weinstein, 1984), that is ‘inaccurate’ perceptions of risk and susceptibility in relation to smoking and illness. For example some participants claimed that major health problems have not yet appeared (e. G. Current health is emphasizes) and that illness can be avoided by individual action (I. E. Tinting smoking in the near future). By contrast, psychosocial research, which conceptualizes smokers’ talk, helps us to appreciate how smoking is rationalized within relevant social groups (in this case young adults in educational settings), as well as highlighting the creativity and sophistication of lay accounts. In turn, attention to the grounded disc ourse of smokers may well help inform more effective health promotion interventions (Crossly, 2000). To build on the current analysis, future work could include ‘street’ interviews with young smokers in the public places where smoking is popularly practiced (e. Designated smoking areas at university, in pubs). This ‘live’ context might prove especially illuminating in terms of the discourses reproduced with respect to how smoking is defended while people are engaged in the act of smoking. As well, it would be informative to examine patterns of naturally occurring conversation between young adult smokers where they gather. Such research would complement our focus group study by determining when and how health is introduced as a concern by younger people themselves and examining how such concerns are negotiated. How to cite Perceptions of health risk and smoking habit in young people, Papers

Historical Cost Accounting and Systemic Risk

Question: Discuss about the Historical Cost Accounting and Systemic Risk. Answer: Introduction: According to Jack (2015), the economic and the accounting definition of fair value states, that the fair value is any value estimated at market price, expected to be received from the selling of an asset or to be transferred as a liability in a particular point of time. The concept is not new in nature it was primarily developed to overcome the deficiencies in the historical cost accounting technique. The system was aimed to present the assets and the liabilities based on current market price in the financial reporting rather than exhibiting them as an item of acquisition cost. This method was particularly used to maintain and disclose the financial statements based on the fair valuation of assets and liabilities (Nber.org., 2016). The method was particularly useful for countering the negative effects of inflation and changes in the value of currencies over the years. This was particularly evident during the global financial crisis in the year 2008. In the traditional financial reporting method, the fair value was not possible to be determined. For example if the company has purchased 2 acres of land for an amount of AUD 75,000 15 years back. The different company has purchased another 2 acre of land situated beside the earlier land but for an amount of AUD 100000. In case the company where following historical costing method the first company is observed to show a less amount of asset than the latter although both the lands have same amount of area and located at the same place. In order to address this type of issues fair value accounting method was introduced and this was particularly evident to tackle debacles during the global financial crisis (GCF) (Magnan et al., 2015). According to Greenberg et al., (2013), the global financial crisis has identified that fair value accounting has lost its necessary benefits as the prices of the active markets they are not available. This situation had made a complex vision making procedure for the companies in the assessment of fair values and hence modifications where implemented to make changes in the implemented details. Although it was observed that fair value accounting did not had any negative implications on GCF and it further provided the investors with an opportunity to know about the subprime positions office company. The fair value accounting system has a positive impact on BHP Billiton as over the years the company has been able to gain more confidence of the shareholders by presenting this particular disclosure in areas related to remuneration and financial derivatives. Although the negative impact has been seen by realizing a loss of USD 107 million through fair value accounting, which was unrealized, the previous years financial statements of the company (AASB, 2013). It was also observed that during the global financial crisis the SME and the banking sector did not suffer for writing of its assets or undervaluation of the same. It was further observed that banks, which were exercising a higher discretion in ascertaining the fair values, were also involved in presenting overvalued assets (Aasb.gov.au, 2016). Discussion For showing the importance of fair value, treatment the chosen company is BHP Billiton Limited. This particular business is observed to have a high amount of noncurrent assets and as per the sedation given by IFR is this type of business needs to revalue its asset on regular basis. As per international financial reporting standards the involvement of the risk of impairment losses, possibility of gain by devaluation and capital assets plays a vital role in mining industry. Hence, for a fair demonstration of the financial statements the evaluation or impairment of the assets should be shown wherever necessary. It is also important to understand that the concept of fair value accounting stands on it three tier hierarchy. The first tier shows the most accurate measurement related to the fair values in the active market (Beisland Frestad, 2013). The second tire is categorized based on those assets where the distinguishable prices are unutilized or the active markets are absent. The third tire is categorized as the assets where there is absence of significant amount of input and it is done using the internal anticipation method and internal models of the evaluation process (Bischof et al., 2013). The principle of fair value treatment highlights on the importance of measurement process and time required to evaluate the assets and liabilities of a particular company at a fair price. Particular standard is essential for segregating measurement process of equities, assets and liabilities. In a mining company like BHP Billiton, it is also useful for providing guidance for different types of non-financial assets such as equipments, machinery and vehicles used for transportation of the coal. Some of the pros of fair value accounting, with relevance to mining industry such as BHP Billiton Limited includes addressing of noticeable up for it or downward activity in the market value of the competitors. Fair value is helpful in determining the proper price of the items during inflation arising from the estimated prices of the future products. It is also helpful when there is a major change in the foreign exchange rates and manufacturing costs of the raw materials. With relevance to minin g industry, fair value treatment is particularly useful for determining the highly valuable capital projects and in developing of existing acquisition and construction of the mines. This particular method is used to determine that diminution in the volume of minerals of the reserves in the coal mines. This is particularly helpful when there are significant alterations in the interest rates and changes in the government policies, social changes and various types of environmental laws (Christensen Nikolaev, 2013). The cons of fair value accounting, is often seen with managers who use this method for personal benefit. In several cases it has been observed that managers select market prices for the items which can show the forms profitability higher than actual. The various cases the fair value of expenses related to the assets are often ignored or not considered. This makes the asset look more profitable which is actually untrue. With respect to mining company such as BHP Billiton, the stocks and investments are dynamic in nature and fluctuate rapidly in a short period. In such a situation the fair value computation becomes complex in nature and accuracy is not ensured. Due to this problem, the company often ends up exhibiting higher value asset in a particular instance and in the next moment, this leads to financial loss. The annual report of BHP Billiton Limited mainly states the treatment of fair value accounting in the changes in the derivatives of the company. The annual report also states that a desirable knowledge of both intrinsic values and technical requirements of the individual customers is reflected through the fair value of its products. The annual report of BHP Billiton clearly states that the remuneration provided by the company produces 41% of the face value from the fair value amount. This is a significant point to be considered as an importance of fair value disclosure of the company. The fair value adjustment and disclosure done by individual committees and assess the known as Kepler Associates (Lee Park, 2013). The annual report of the company clearly states that the fair value treatment is shown in the long-term incentive scheme. The long-term incentive scheme computation of fair value is done based on multiplication of its value of the award with the fair value factor of 41% as per the present design of the plan. The company further disclosed that the property plant and equipment has been recorded as the cost of contracted from the activated depreciation and the impairment charges. This particular cost is the fair value of the acquired asset at the time of acquisition and consideration and the company further states that this includes the direct cost of procuring the asset to the location and considering the future cost of closure of the same. The company has further declared that bill and the intangible assets have been also computed based on fair value accounting method (Bhpbilliton.com, 2016). The interactive corporate report of the company states that the fair value is not responsible for considering the forfeiture of conditions over the awards. The company's corporate report further suggested that it incurred a loss of USD 107 through fair value disclosure, which was unrecognized in the financial statement of 2013 and 2014. With relevance to the previously discussed levels of categorization of change and treatment of asset, BHP Billiton Limited is positioned at third tier of the hierarchy (Bhpbilliton.com, 2016). Conclusion The discussions mentioned in the report states the importance of exhibiting fair value in the financial statements of any organization. It has been further stated that surgical accounting method was not sufficient to adhere to the needs of financial reporting and hence fair value method was introduced. The various controversies and the arguments related to this method was addressed over the time by collaboration of Australian accounting standards Board with IASB, which resolved several issues pertaining to fair value accounting during the global financial crisis. The new standard of fair value accounting has provided the accountants report the financial items more accurately and present the statements with more uniformity. Reference List AASB, C.A.S., 2013. Fair Value Measurement Aasb.gov.au.(2016).Retrieved13September2016,fromhttps://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB13_08-15.pdf Beisland, L. A., Frestad, D. (2013). How fair-value accounting can influence firm hedging. Review of Derivatives Research, 16(2), 193-217. Bhpbilliton.com.(2016).[online]Availableat:https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015_interactive.pdf?la=en [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Bhpbilliton.com.(2016).[online]Availableat:https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015.pdf?la=en [Accessed 13 Sep. 2016]. Bischof, J., Daske, H. and Sextroh, C., 2013. Analysts demand for fair value-related information: evidence from conference calls of international banks. Rochester: doi: https://dx. d0i. 0rg/l 0.2139/ssrn, 2180896. Christensen, H. B., Nikolaev, V. V. (2013). Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test?. Review of Accounting Studies, 18(3), 734-775. Greenberg, M.D., Helland, E., Clancy, N. Dertouzos, J.N. (2013). Fair Value Accounting, Historical Cost Accounting, and Systemic Risk. Rand Corporation. Jack, L. (2015). Book Review: Fair Value Accounting in Historical Perspective. Accounting Review, 90(2), 825-828. Lee, C., Park, M. S. (2013). Subjectivity in fair-value estimates, audit quality, and informativeness of other comprehensive income. Advances in Accounting, 29(2), 218-231. Magnan, M., Menini, A., Parbonetti, A. (2015). Fair value accounting: information or confusion for financial markets?. Review of Accounting Studies, 20(1), 559-591. Nber.org. (2016). Retrieved 13 September 2016, from https://www.nber.org/papers/w15515.pdf.