Stone Age Artists Essay Example For Students

Stone Age Artists Essay Stone Age artists created a variety of figurative and abstract images. The naturalistic picture mostly depicted hunting scenes, or arrangements of animals usually bison, horses, reindeer, cattle, aurochs and mammoths, although a wide variety of other creatures were depicted, such as: lions, musk ox, ass, saga, chamois, wolf , fox, hare, otter, hyena, seals, fish, reptiles, birds and other creatures also appear. Abstract imagery was also common. Paleolithic murals frequently contain a variety tot dots, lines, signs and symbols (demimondes), together with a mixture of isomorphism, anthropomorphic and polymorph The most common themes in cave paintings are large wild animals and racings of human hands as well as abstract patterns called finger flutings, Drawing of humans were rare and usually schematic rather than the more naturalistic animal subjects, One explanation for this is that that realistically painting the human form was forbidden by a powerful taboo. We will write a custom essay on Stone Age Artists specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now What rock art means and why the ancients practiced it has been a bane of contention amongst scholars since the phenomena started to be studies. Some have argued that such images are records of hunts that served not only to inventory the amount Of animals killed as future references for animal migrating patterns. Henry Bureau interpreted the paintings as being hunting magic, meant to increase the number of animals. As there are some clay sculptures that seem to have been the targets Of spears, this may be true, but does not explain the pictures Of predators such as the lion or the bear. An alternative theory. Developed by David Lewis- Williams and broadly based on ethnographic studies of contemporary hunter. Gatherer societies, is that the paintings were made by Crop-Mignon shamans. The shaman would retreat into darkness of the caves, enter into a trance state ND then paint images of their visions, perhaps with some notion of drawing power out of the cave walls themselves. This goes some way toward explaining the remoteness of some of the paintings (which occur in deep or small caves) and the variety of subject matter (from prey animals to predators and human hand-prints), gut this theory, without proofs, is thrown back by the specialists tot prehistory and shamanism. R. Dale Guthrie has studies not only the most artistic and publicized paintings but also a variety lower quality art and figurines, and he identifies a wide range of skill and ages among the artist. He also points UT that the main theme in the paintings and other artifacts (powerful beast, risky hunting scenes and the representation of oven in the Venus figurines) are to be expected in the fantasies of adolescent males, who made a big part of human population at the time. However in analyzing hand-prints and stencils in French and Spanish caves, Dean Snow Of Pennsylvania State University has shown that proportion of them including those around the spotted horses in Peach Merle, were Of female hands. We dont know exactly. As With all prehistory, it is impossible to be certain because of the relative lack of material evidence and the many pitfalls associated With trying to understand the prehistoric mindset. Initially, most pale anthropologists thought that this type of ancient art was purely decorative. However, detailed archeological evidence shows that painted caves were only temporarily inhabited by upper Paleolithic man and their presence was purely associated with cave art activities. As a result, it is now thought cave painting was created by shamans for ceremonial reasons-perhaps in connection with social, supernatural or religious rituals. There is no clear pattern in the iconography used, so at present most theories s to the precise meaning or function and charcoal drawings. Of Stone Age cave paintings are mere guess work. Cave paintings are a form of Rock art, falling under the category of pictograph, or the application of pigment to a rock surface. .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .postImageUrl , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:hover , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:visited , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:active { border:0!important; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:active , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leonardo Da Vinci: Science and Paintings EssaySurvival of ancient Gave paintings is attributable to use of mineral pigments, The best preserved pictograph is found under sheltering overhangs and in caves. The simplest pictograph are wet clay finger paintings and charcoal drawings. To produce crayons or paints first the minerals had to be finely ground and combined with binding materials. Stone Age painters employed several different combinations of materials to make colored paints. Clay ochre provided three basic colors: numerous Varieties Of red, plus yellow and brown. Poor black color artist used either manganese dioxide or charcoal. After grinding the pigments to fine powder, artists mixed the powder With (typically high in calcium carbonate) animal fats, vegetable juices, blood and urine to help stick to the rock surface. They also used extenders like biotic and feldspar, or ground quartz and calcium phosphate (obtained from crushed. Heated animal bone). Using sea- shells as paint containers and working by candlelight, Stone Age artist employed a wide variety of painting methods. Initially, they painted with their fingers; before switching to lumpy pigment crayons, pads of moss, or brushes made from of animal hair or vegetable fiber. They even employed spray painting techniques using reed or specially hollowed bones. Each era introduced new cave painting methods, and caves decorated over many generations exhibit numerous styles at Lascar for instance archaeologists have identified over a dozen different painting styles.

Free Essays on Communication At A Glance

The Beginning of Communication. The phone is easily one of man’s most important, useful and taken for granted inventions. It wonderfully extended the way man talks that are crucial to daily life. Before I tell of the history of how the telephone was constructed and put in to place, I will tell of the past of communications. Ever since the ability of language and written language, the most popular form of communication was done through a letter. Carrier pigeons were used in the Olympic games to send messages from 700 BC to 300 AD. In 1791, the Chappe brothers created the Semaphore system; they were two teens in France who wanted to be able to contact each other from their different school campuses. This system consisted of a pole with movable arms, which the positions took the place of letters of the alphabet. Two years later, this idea had caught on and was being used in France, Italy, Russia, and Germany. Two semaphore systems were built in the U.S. in Boston and on Martha’s Vineyard; soon Congress was asked to fund a project for a semaphore system running from New York City to New Orleans. Samuel Morse told Congress that not to fund the project because he was developing the electric telegraph. Soon Samuel Morse developed his electric telegraph he demonstrated it in 1844 it caught on and by 185 1, 51 telegraph companies were in operation. In addition, it continued to grow to 2250 telegraph offices nationwide. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone. (Stewart, B. 1997). The Bell System Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh. He grew up involved in the study of speech due to his father and grandfathers work. He was also a talented musician able to play by ear from a very early age. He and his two brothers built a model human skull and filled it with a good enough reproduction of the human vocal apparatus, which worked with a bellows, so it would be able to say, "Ma-ma." Alexander became a Pro... Free Essays on Communication At A Glance Free Essays on Communication At A Glance The Beginning of Communication. The phone is easily one of man’s most important, useful and taken for granted inventions. It wonderfully extended the way man talks that are crucial to daily life. Before I tell of the history of how the telephone was constructed and put in to place, I will tell of the past of communications. Ever since the ability of language and written language, the most popular form of communication was done through a letter. Carrier pigeons were used in the Olympic games to send messages from 700 BC to 300 AD. In 1791, the Chappe brothers created the Semaphore system; they were two teens in France who wanted to be able to contact each other from their different school campuses. This system consisted of a pole with movable arms, which the positions took the place of letters of the alphabet. Two years later, this idea had caught on and was being used in France, Italy, Russia, and Germany. Two semaphore systems were built in the U.S. in Boston and on Martha’s Vineyard; soon Congress was asked to fund a project for a semaphore system running from New York City to New Orleans. Samuel Morse told Congress that not to fund the project because he was developing the electric telegraph. Soon Samuel Morse developed his electric telegraph he demonstrated it in 1844 it caught on and by 185 1, 51 telegraph companies were in operation. In addition, it continued to grow to 2250 telegraph offices nationwide. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone. (Stewart, B. 1997). The Bell System Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh. He grew up involved in the study of speech due to his father and grandfathers work. He was also a talented musician able to play by ear from a very early age. He and his two brothers built a model human skull and filled it with a good enough reproduction of the human vocal apparatus, which worked with a bellows, so it would be able to say, "Ma-ma." Alexander became a Pro...

Criminology 3001 Assesment 3 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminology 3001 Assesment 3 - Research Proposal Example The fundamental benefits of community policing is that it provides mobility to the law enforcement agencies to respond to criminal complaints, increase positive attitudes towards police, and reduce fears of crime (Anderson 2005). What interests this researcher is the fact that in a country where 60 police officers are entrusted with 1000 serious reported crimes (Billante 2003), community policing seems to be an ideal solution to increase police vigilance and strength at a minimal cost to the government. Experts are of the view (Grabosky 2009; Hodgson 1998; Mukherjee and Graycar 1997) that community policing is an effective method for responding to the community’s needs for security, crime deterrence and peace keeping. It involves programmes which encourage members of the community to participate actively on behalf of the police in crime detection and prevention as well as maintenance of public order. Yet, there has been little research carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of community policing. The purpose of the following proposal is to evaluate whether there is a need for investigating it in terms of value of community contribution, impact on police efficiency, cost of implementing community policing systems, and most importantly reduction in crime rates. How effective are the different types of community policing programmes, especially in addressing modern crime and disorder situations like terrorism and delinquent behaviours in the marginalised communities? 2.2. A combination of theoretical exploration, interviews and evaluation shall enable the researcher to study the efficacy and effectiveness of community policing, the gaps therein in its implementation, and hopefully present radical solutions to the justice system, crime prevention departments, citizens community, and criminology academia. The key objective to policing is

Marketing strategies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing strategies - Coursework Example In order to find the strategies and evaluate the factors which will help Murgitroyd to grab the market share at China and expand their business in the next 24 months the company’s strength, weakness, opportunities and threats are evaluated which will help the company to implement their strategies successfully. The global market opportunities are assessed by finding the sales potential in the market. The foreign market sustainability of the products is also needed to be done to find whether the product is suitable for the target market or not. Screening the potential market is the next step the company should follow investment. Then the key business partners and the distributors’ availability are researched who are the main drivers of the business. Understanding the customer behaviour is also an important factor which will help the company to estimate the sales forecast of Murgitroyd. ... Companies are essentially spending huge amounts of resources towards research and development to create unique products. Firms are also trying to protect their intellectual property rights so as to prevent their competitors from infringing and illegally using their research. This has also augured numerous opportunities for organizations that provide patent and copyright protection to the firms. The present study would analyse the business strategies of a Murgitroyd and Company with regards to its business strategies in China so as to improve its market share in the nation in the coming 24 months (Miele, 2000, p.1). Murgitroyd and Company is a UK based patent and copyright consultancy firm that provides legal and consultancy services to business organizations for protecting their intellectual property rights. The company provides services to its clients based across UK, Finland, France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy, Japan and the United States of America. The company has over the ye ars grown as a mature organization with a dedicated workforce and is presently considered to be one of the leading consultancy firm of its kind in the European market (Murgitroyd & Company-a, 2011). The Chinese market provides opportunities to the organization considering the large number of manufacturing organizations present in the nation. The technological advancement at China with growing demand for the enterprise IP services gives a great potential for the company to explore their business in this part of the world. However there are certain challenges in the nation that mainly arise due to certain legal aspects. (The Economist, 2005, p.1-9). Moreover with the government largely favouring domestic players

The increasing use of social media has dramatically changed the way Essay

The increasing use of social media has dramatically changed the way how young consumers behave prior to their purchase decision and consumption - Essay Example The most common forms of social media are the websites that have been established on the Internet such as Facebook, Reddit and Twitter which enables users to post their thoughts onto the Internet for all or a chosen few to see. The introduction of social media to the world has affected almost every sector and the business world is not different and can be pronounced to be one of the sectors that have been highly affected by this advancement in technology (Khosla, 2010). Consumers no longer behave in a similar manner than before the advent of this new discovery, and as a result, it has also forced the business world to adapt to it. There are a number of ways that the consumer does not act similarly as before the introduction of social media during their shopping experience, these include: The consumer’s behavior prior to the purchase of a product has been influenced by the founding of the social media as the buyers have learnt to adapt and use it to their advantage when considering an item. In the past, a consumer would, for example, buy their products based on the adverts that they saw on the TV, or other media trusting that information that they were receiving on the product was true. If one needed to be entirely sure, there were instances where they were able to take the product through a trial run or could ask for a demonstration at the store (Kardes, Cronley & Cline, 2011). Individuals would have been obliged to go to the store to see how a product actually worked if they were determined to erase any doubts that they may have had, but all this has changed due to the founding of the social media to the public. An individual no longer has to make the physical trip down to the store, since he can easily get them on the Internet and research the customer revi ews that are present on a number of websites on the product they have in mind. Using this method, the consumer is able to determine whether the product is satisfactory depending on the number

Assumptions Of The Heckscher Ohlin Model Economics Essay

Assumptions Of The Heckscher Ohlin Model Economics Essay Introduction Eli Heckscher (1919) and Bertil Ohlin (1933) found the basis for crucial and substantial theoretical developments of international trade by emphasizing the relationships between the composition of countries factor endowments and commodity trade patterns. The Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) theory is the simplest explanation for why countries involve in trade of goods and services with other countries. Heckscher-Ohlin model, which is the general equilibrium mathematical model of international trade theory, is built on the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage by making prediction on trade patterns and production of goods based on the factor endowments of nations (Learner 1995). Assumptions of the Heckscher- Ohlin Model The following assumptions pertain to the 2*2 model of Heckscher-Ohlin. It is assumed that there are only two nations (1 and 2) with two goods for trade (X and Y) and two factors of production (capital and labour). For producing the goods, both nations use the same technology and they use uniform factors of production. In both countries, good X is labour intensive and Y is capital intensive. The tastes and preferences of both nations are the same (both countries can be represented in the same indifference curve). In both nations, the assumption of constant returns to scale is applicable for the production of goods X and Y. In both nations, specialization in production is not complete. Goods and factor markets in both nations are perfectly competitive. There exists perfect mobility of factors of production within each country though international mobility is not possible. There are no restrictions or limitations to the free flow of international trade. That is, there exist no transportation costs, tariffs, or like other obstructions either to control or to restrict the exports or imports. It is assumed that there exists full employment of all resources in both nations. That is, there will not be any under employed resource in either nation. The exports and imports between the nations are balanced. It means that the total value of the exports will be equal to the total value of imports in both nations. Implications of the Assumptions The assumptions are made in order to depict the theory in a two-dimensional figure. It is also implied that both countries have access to and use the same general production techniques. The labour-capital ratio (L/K) of commodity X is higher than that of Y in both countries with the same relative prices of factors. As constant returns to scale is assumed, increase in the amount of labour and capital will result in the proportionate increase in the output also. Another implication is that though free international trade exists, both of the countries produce both commodities and it can be presumed that both countries are not small in size. As the tastes and preferences related to demand are identical in both countries, if the relative prices of the goods are equal, the consumption of goods X and Y will be in the same proportion in both countries. Likewise, in both countries producers, traders and consumers are too small to affect the commodity prices. Mobility of factors of production implies that capital and labour are free to move from areas or industries of lower prices (earnings) to those of higher prices (earnings) until earnings become same equal in all areas or industries. That is, price equalization theory is implied here. International differences in the earnings exist because of the factor immobility in the absence of international trade. The assumption of incomplete production specialization implies that the process of specialization in production continues until the commodity prices (either relative or absolute) prices are the same in both countries. Again, if the transportation costs, tariffs or any other restriction are allowed, specialization will continue only until price differences by less than or equal to the costs or tariffs. The Heckscher-Ohlin Model Heckscher-Ohlin model is generally described as two countries, two goods and two factors model (2x2x2 model). This formulation of HO model was mathematically developed by Paul Samuelson. The goal of the model is to predict the pattern of international trade in commodities between the two countries on the basis of differences in factor endowments in both the countries. Definition: A nation exports the commodities which are produced out of its relatively abundant and cheap factors or resources and imports the commodity which is produced out of relatively scarce factors or resources. In another words, relatively labour abundant country exports relatively labour intensive commodity and imports the relatively capital-intensive commodity. Country 1 exports commodity X because X is the Labor (L) intensive commodity and L is relatively cheap and abundant factor in country 1. Country 2 exports commodity Y because Y is the Capital (K) intensive commodity and K is relatively cheap and abundant factor in country 2. The theory implicates two things: first, different supply conditions in terms of resource endowments explain comparative advantage and second, countries export goods that use abundant and cheap factors of production and import goods that use scarce and expensive factors. According to Heckscher-Ohlin theory, international and interregional differences in production costs occur due to the differences in the supply of factors of production. Under free trade, countries export the commodities whose production requires intensive use of abundant factors and import the commodities whose production requires the scarce factors. Hence, international trade compensates for the uneven geographic distribution of factors of production. The theory gives insight to the fact that commodities are the bundles of factors (land, labour and capital). Thus, the exchange of commodities is indirect arbitrage of factors of production and the transfer of services of otherwise immobile factors from regions where factors are abundant to regions where they are scarce. The H-O theorem identifies the basic reason for comparative advantage and international trade as the different factor abundance or factor endowments among nations. Because of this particular reason, the theory is known as factor proportions or factor endowment theory. The theory postulates that the difference in relative factor endowment and prices is the main reason for the difference in relative commodity prices between two countries. Factor Endowments Factor endowment can be defined as the ratio of capital to labour (K/L). If the capital labour ratio in country 1 is greater than in country 2, then country 1 is said to be relatively capital-abundant (and labour-scarce) while country 2 is labour abundant (and capital scarce). Symbolically, this can be represented as: (K/L) 1 > (K/L) 2 Important implication of different factor endowments is for autarky prices of factors of production (the autarky prices are implied in the figure represented below). For two countries with same demand patterns, relative factor prices leads to relative factor scarcities. Country 2 will have relatively inexpensive labour and country 1 is in a position to provide relatively inexpensive (abundant) capital. Factor Intensities, Factor Abundance and Production Frontiers under H-O Model Factor Intensity Commodity Y is said to be relative capital intensive and commodity X is relatively labour intensive if the capital labour ratio used in the production of Y is higher than that of the production of commodity X. That is, (K/L) y > (K/L) x If the for the production of commodity Y, the country use 2K and 2L, then K/L = 1 and if the production of commodity X requires 1K and 4L, K/L=1/4. In this case, it can be said that commodity Y is capital intensity and commodity X is labour intensive. Factor intensity depends on K/L rather than the absolute amount of K and L. At the equilibrium points, for producing the commodities, both countries choose capital-labour ration that minimize the factor costs at the prevailing relative factor prices. The relative factor prices are represented as W=w/r where w is the price of labour and r is the price of capital. Though in principle, the factor intensities can be reversed when factor prices change. But it is assumed that this does not exist in H-O model. There is no factor intensity reversal. Factor Abundance Factor abundance can be defined in terms of two ways:1) Physical Units and 2) Relative Prices of factors. In terms of physical units, the overall amount of capital and labour available to each country is taken into consideration (that is, TK and TL). As per this definition, country 2 is capital abundant if the ratio of total amount of capital (TK) to total amount of labour available in country 2 will be greater than that in country 1. The ratio of TK/TL is important rather than total absolute amount of K and L of the countries. Country 2 may have less capital than country 2 and still there may be the capital abundant country if TK/TL in country 2 exceeds TK/TL in country 1. In terms of relative factor prices, country 2 is capital abundant if PK/PL is lower in country 2 than in country 1. As the price of capital is taken to be the interest rate, r and the price of labour is wage, w, then PK/PL= r/w. The ratio of r/w is important, not the absolute level of r or w, in determining whether a country is capital abundant or labour abundant. The first definition takes only the supply of factors into consideration, while the second considers both supply and demand factors. Factor Endowments and Production Frontiers When country 2 is capital abundant and the commodity Y is capital intensive, country 2 can produce relatively more of commodity Y than in country 1. Similarly, if country 1 is labour abundant and commodity X is labour intensive, country 1 can produce relatively more of commodity X than country 2. This situation gives a relatively flatter and wider production frontier curve for country 1 than country 2. Diagrammatic Representation of H-O Model The following figure represents the Heckscher-Ohlin model diagrammatically. As it is assumed, two countries have same tastes and preferences for demand, both the countries are represented in the same indifference map. I is the highest indifference curve that country 1 and country 2 can achieve separately in the absence of international trade. The points A and A/ represent equality of production and consumption of both countries in the absence of trade. The tangency points of A and A/ determine the no-trade equilibrium prices of PA and PA/ in country 1 and country 2 respectively. When PA The right side of the figure shows that country 1 specializes in commodity X and Country 2 in commodity Y when both countries involve in international trade. Specialization proceeds at point where country 1 achieves the point B and country 2 reaches at point B/. At these points transformation curves are tangent to the common relative price line of PB. Country 1 exports commodity X in exchange for commodity Y and consumes at point E on the second indifference curve (IC II). Likewise, country 2 exports commodity Y in exchange for commodity X and the relative equilibrium point of country 2 is point E/ which coincides with point E. In this context, it is important to note that country 1s exports of commodity X equal country 2s imports of commodity X (that is, BC=C/B/). Similarly, country 2s exports of commodity Y equal country 1s imports of commodity Y (that is, B/C/= CE). When PX/PY>PB, country 1 wants to export more of commodity X than country 2 is able to import at this high relative price, and PX/PY tends to diminish to PB, which is equilibrium and normal price. Likewise, when PX/PY At point E, more of commodity Y and less of commodity X than at the point A are involved. However, country 1 will gain from international trade because E lies on higher indifference curve (IC II). Similarly, though at E/ more commodity of X and less commodity of Y are involved compared to the point of A/, country 2 gains from the trade because E/ lies on higher indifference curve, IC II. Prepositions of H-O theorem and other empirical Studies As a connotation of H-O theorem, three other prepositions or theorems are associated: Factor price equalization theorem 2) Stopler-Samuelson theorem and 3) the Rybcsynski Theorem (Jone 2002). The Factor Price Equalization Theorem Even though the national frontiers rule out the international mobility of factors, free trade in commodities leads to reduce the disparities in demand relative to supply of factor and thus to decrease the disparities in factor returns among different countries. International free trade leads to sharing of same technology by different countries and bringing of equality of factor returns if the factor endowments are similar and sufficient quantity of commodities are produced commonly (Samuelson 1992). The Stolper- Samuelson Theorem Changes in relative commodity prices as brought by free international trade have strong effects on the factor prices or rewards. If there is no joint production, some factors may raise their rewards uncontrollably and other rewards may be lowered unambiguously. If the number of factors equals the number of commodities and production is non-joint, the relative changes in commodity prices will raise the price of any particular factor (Uekawa, 1971). The Rybczynski Theorem If there is unbalanced growth in factor supplies, it may lead to stronger asymmetric changes in outputs also. If the quantity of factors of production and commodities are evenly matched and production is non-joint, this pattern of asymmetry may pertain to growth in some factors of production (if there is given commodity prices) and may lead to the reduction of outputs. Empirical Legitimacy and Leontiefs Investigation Leontief (1953) was the first to confront the Heckscher-Ohlin model with empirical investigation. He had developed a set of data in the frame of input-output accounts for the U.S economy and he computed the amounts of labour and capital used in each industry for 1947. Likewise, he made use of U S trade data for the same year to compute the factors of production (labour and capital) used in the production of $1 million of US exports and imports. Table 1 Leontief Test (1953) Export Import Capital ($million) $2.5 $3.1 Labor (Person-years) 182 170 Capital/labour($/person) $13,700 $18,200 Each column of the table shows the amount of labour and capital required to occur $1 million worth of international trade (exports or imports) to United States in the year 1947. Firstly Leontief measured the capital and labour required for the exports from US. This estimation required the labour and capital used in each and every exporting industry and from the first row of the table, it is seen that $2.5 worth of capital was used to export worth of $1million. For labour, 182 person-years were used to produce the same exports. Taking the ratio of labour and capital, it can be said as in the third row of the table, each labourer is working with $13,700 worth of capital. Turning to the import side of the calculation, there emerged a problem non-availability of data on foreign technology. Still Leontif managed to estimate the model assuming that same technology of US used in imports. The estimation on imports (i.e., $3.1 million of capital, 170 person- years and capital-labour ratio as $18,000) indicates that capital labour ratio of imports is higher than that of US exports. But US economy is found in 1956 as capital-abundant and this appears to contradict the H-O theorem. Thus the findings of Leontief came to be called as Leontief Paradox (Learner 1995). Under the framework of H-O theorem, many explanations have been proposed for the existence of this paradox. U S and foreign technologies are not same unlike the assumption of H-O theorem. The year 1947 was not usual year as World War II has just ended As H-O model assumes, the U S was not engaged in free trade. Other Empirical Estimations of H-O model By examining the limitations of Leontief s estimation, Bowen, Leamer and Sveikauskas (1987) estimated the H-O model by using data on a large number of countries. It was estimated to check whether countries are net exporters of the factors of production (which are relatively abundant) as factors of production are indirectly embodied in the trade. Cline (1997) suggested a more generalized H-O model by taking into account more and disaggregated factors of production. It was recognized that factor endowments change over a period of time as the investment and technological advances occur. Concluding Remarks H-O theorem has been vehemently criticized on many grounds including in terms of its basic assumptions. Some empirical studies even questioned the validity of the theory. Despite of the many criticisms and drawbacks, H-O theory has its own merits and contributions in the theoretical history of international trade. By taking both commodity and factor prices into consideration, H-O theory provides a more and satisfactory explanation of international trade. In comparative cost theory of David Ricardo, it was pointed that comparative cost difference is the basis for international trade. But H-O theorem better explains the reasons for these cost differences in terms of factor endowments. The price equalization principle, a concomitant of H-O theorem comprehensively explains the situation which is of course, superior to the previous theories of international trade.

Othello: Summary :: essays research papers

Othello: Summary *Othello is a tense, closely-knit play, with an ever-increasing emotional scene. The character Iago, Othello's ancient, is the cause of all the tragedy which comes to pass as the play progresses. He is a manipulator, opposing Othello not directly, but through other characters whom he tricks. From his actions throughout the play one sees that Iago was gifted at using other people, to further his own schemes. *Act One, Scene One is the most important because it foreshadows the whole drama. Iago gives the reader warning that he is not all that he seems when he says, "I am not what I am" (I,i). He appears to help Roderigo, a suitor to Desdemona, who has run off with Othello, the Moorish general of the Venetian army. Iago hates Othello for another reason. instead of choosing him to be his lieutenant, Othello chose Cassio. In the end of scene, Iago and Roderigo have informed Brabantio about his daughter's elopement. Then they went to confront Othello with this situation. *At the beginning of Scene Two of Act One, Iago gives advice to Othello and lets him know what is about to happen. Shortly after their talk Brabantio confronts Othello about stealing his daughter. Then they all went and saw the Duke. Othello defends himself and asks if Desdemona can testify on the behalf of him. Othello tells how that the only "witchcraft" he used were his stories, and how Brabantio used to invite him up to tell them. Finally, Brabantio disowns Desdemona and she goes to be with Othello. *Near the end of the first scene of the second act, Iago convinces Roderigo, who was observing Cassio's enthusiastic greeting of Desdemona, that Cassio and Desdemona have something going on between them. Thus manipulating Roderigo through his passion for Desdemona, Iago convinces him to provoke Cassio to anger, so that the lieutenant will be discredited in Othello's eyes and Iago can take his position. *In Act II, Scene III, I ago tricks into a drink, knowing that he has a low tolerance for alcohol, making it easier for Roderigo to provoke him to fight. Cassio departs the scene, and Iago starts to insinuate to the other soldiers is a bit of a lush. Cassio soon, returns, chasing Roderigo, and when his comrades attempt to restrain him, he strikes at them as well. When Othello arrives on the scene, Iago makes it seem that he doesn't want to discredit Cassio, but his insinuations make Othello discharge his lieutenant. However, as soon as Othello is gone, he goes to Cassio as a helpful friend.

Roskill and Howard Davies Airport Commissions and the Third London Airport

Introduction London’s airports are operating close to capacity and there are challenges associated with the location particularly of Heathrow airport, such as noise pollution and safety of London’s populace (DOT, 2003; Helsey and Codd, 2012). Capacity expansion pursuits have been long drawn over half a century involving two airport commissions and political intrigues (FT, 2014). The Third London Airport commission popularly known as the ‘Roskill Commission’ anticipated growth in air transport and speculated that by the end of the century London might have to accommodate 100 million passengers (Abelson and Flowerdew, 1972). It was an appropriate estimate as the actual number was 115 million (CAPA, 2013). This ceiling has been surpassed and London airports are operating under strenuous volumes. The pursuit of an alternative airport, additional runways to expand capacity, among other options continue to feature in public discourse almost half a century later with myriad ar guments and counterarguments (FT, 2014; The Independent, 2014). This report explores the works of the airports commissions (Roskill and Howard Davies commissions), as well as the consideration of the controversial Boris Island alternative. It focuses on the demand and supply of airports among other considerations significant for such ventures as the development of new airports or aviation facilities. History of commissions and development of arguments A 1964 interdepartmental committee on the Third London Airport forecast that the capacity of Heathrow and Gatwick airports combined, even with the addition of a second runway at Gatwick, would be insufficient for London’s air traffic by 1972 (Mishan, 1970). After the consideration of options, the commission on the Third London Airport (Roskill Commission) was set up in 1968. With their evaluation of the timing of need, expansion capacity requirement, and after a careful study of a total of 80 proposed project sites, the commission finally chose four sites, among them a new airport at Cublington (Abelson and Flowerdew, 1972). It was the first time that a full range of environmental and economic arguments were brought to bear on a major investment decision, providing substantial and significant systemic evidence on which to base decisions (HC, 1971). Its excellence in approach and output was however to not much good as government, with a variant perception and opinion immediatel y rejected its findings choosing instead a scheme to build an airport at Foulness, in the Thames Estuary (Mishan, 1970). Interestingly, this option had been considered and had been decisively rejected by the Roskill Commission on the basis of cost, distance and convenience to prospective passengers (FT, 2014). Neither of the two propositions (Cublington and Foulness) was built and a subsequent change in government and complexion led to the devise of a different scheme – a limited expansion of an existing airport at Stansted which was accomplished a decade after proposition. This option had also been considered by the Roskill Commission and never made its shortlist of key options (Helsey and Codd, 2012). It was a predictable failure and is still challenged by the lack of success in supporting long-haul operations by airlines, only benefitting from low-cost carriers (principally Ryan air) drawn by attractive landing charges which offset consequent inconvenience to their passeng ers (AOA, 2013). A proposal which has re-emerged and gained prominence is the new airport at the Thames Estuary. The ‘Boris Island’ alternative Dubbed ‘Boris Island’ as a consequence of its support by London Mayor Boris Johnson, the London Britannia Airport (a name adopted for the latest iteration of the idea in 2013) is a proposed airport to be built on an artificial island in the River Thames estuary to serve London. Plans for this airport go several years back but the idea was revived by the Mayor in 2008 (CAPA, 2013; Mayor of London, 2013). Proponents of the project cite the significant advantage it portends in the avoidance of flights over densely populated areas with consideration of noise pollution and attendant safety challenges. However, its critics who include some local councils, nature conservation charity – RSPB, as well as current London airports, oppose the scheme, suggesting that it is impractical and expensive (AC, 2013b). It is still under consideration of the Howard Davies Airports Commission, which estimates the entire undertaking including feeder roads and rail to cost ?112 billion, a bout five times the presently shortlisted short-term options (AC, 2013c). The overall balance of economic impacts of the project would be uncertain given the requirement for the closure of Heathrow and by extension London city for airspace reasons (CAPA, 2013). Renewed pursuit – Howard Davies Airports Commission In spite of the myriad arguments and criticisms of the various alternatives, not much has changed and the Howard Davies Airports Commission set up in 2012 still wades in the long running controversy (CAPA, 2013; AOA, 2013). There has evidently been little learnt in the several decades of bad policy making given the hedging, stonewalling, and political posturing that still characterizes the endeavour, a readiness to oppose policies espoused by those of different complexions or the persistent complication of issues when there is requirement for bold action. This characterizes policy today as it did half a century earlier with elaborate models being grossly misused and deliberately disregarded. Minor challenges and disadvantages are greatly amplified overshadowing potentially more substantial benefits (FT, 2014). The Airports Commission was set up to examine the need for additional UK airport capacity and to recommend to government how this can be met in the short, medium and long term. The commission is tasked with creating economic, sustainable and socially responsible growth through competitive airlines and airports. (AC, 2013a). The findings of the Howard Davies Airports Commission contained in their interim report released in December 2013 (preceding a final report expected in 2015) are mainly focused on the continued growth of air travel, mainly in the South East of England. The Commission considers that the region needs an extra runway by 2030, and another possibly by 2050. On the shortlist for the expansion of airport capacity are three options comprising a third runway at Heathrow 3,500m long; lengthening of the existing northern runway to at least 6,000m enabling it to be used for both landing and take-off; as well as a new 3,000m runway at Gatwick (CAPA, 2013; AOA, 2013). Not included is the brand new hub airport in the Thames Estuary, which is side-lined citing uncertainties and challenges surrounding the proposal at this stage (AC, 2013d). However, th e Commission promises an evaluation of its feasibility and a decision on its viability later in 2004 (The Independent, 2014). The Stansted and Birmingham options, however, failed to make the shortlist, although the decision remains open for their qualification in the long term (CAPA, 2013). In the Commission’s view, the capacity challenge is yet to become critical although there is potential if no action is taken soon. However, capacity challenges and the jostling and vying for a slice of anticipated extra capacity by airports signals need (AC, 2013d). Arguments on the expansion of airport capacity The Howard Davies Commission acknowledge the ‘over-optimism’ in recent forecasts of growth in demand for the aviation sector, but consider the level of growing demand as prominent requiring focus on the earliest practicable relief (AC, 2013c). This is in response to contentions by opponents that the current capacity is adequate basing their primary argument on earlier inaccurate demand forecasts. These opponents posit operational changes including quieter and bigger planes could serve to accommodate more passengers negating the need for ambitious and expensive ventures. Some also argue that constraining growth in the aviation industry would be the best option for emissions reduction and that government should utilise available capacity, pushing traffic from London’s crowded airports to others around the country, (AC, 2013b; c; d; AOA, 2013 DOT, 2013). The Commission accepts the changes in aviation practice and aircraft design could deliver modest improvements in c apacity but argue that none of these submissions suggested significant transformational gains (AC, 2013c). It also stresses that deliberations were alive to the issue of climate change and were focused on the delivery of the best solution for the UK, which entails the achievement of carbon targets and delivery of required connections for the economy and society(AC, 2013c; d). The Commission notes that doing nothing to address capacity constraints could have unintended economic and environmental consequences with the possibility of some flights and emissions being displaced to other countries (AC, 2013d; CAPA, 2013; Mayor of London, 2013). Reliance on runways currently in operation would likely produce a clearly less ideal solution for passengers, global and regional connectivity, and would be sub-optimal in the endeavour to minimize the overall carbon impact of aviation (AC, 2013a; AOA, 2013). To achieve statutory mechanisms aimed at operational efficiency and emission reduction are critical. Conservationists, such as the Friends of Earth, decry growth arguing that the building of more airports and runways will have a major impact on local communities and the environment (Mayor of London, 2013; AC, 2013b). The argument for sustainable growth is welcomed by industry players in light of calls for constraint (AOA, 2013; The Independent, 2014). Through time, the argument has significantly centred on the timing of need for expansion of capacity with the uncertainty over growth and demand estimates. The drive for more intensive use of existing capacity is most appropriate in the short-term given that operational and aircraft design improvements have enabled the handling of more volumes than anticipated. Though limited, there is still capacity for improvement benefitting environmental conformity and overall efficiency. Several tactical improvements are proposed by the Davies commission to enable full and efficient use of available resource and capacity (DOT, 2013; AC , 2013d). The Davies Commission proposes the encouragement of greater adherence to schedules by airlines through stricter enforcement of aircraft arrival time. This would enhance efficient sequencing of arrivals ending the practice of ‘stacking’ especially at Heathrow (Europe’s busiest airport), which is expensive in fuel costs and time and has adverse environmental impact. They also propose ‘smoothing’ of timetables and the tackling of surges in traffic and bottlenecks, such as restrictions of arrivals before 6am and the designation procedures of runways which impede efficiency (AC, 2013d). Also considered are ‘mixed-mode’ operations which entail simultaneous use of runways for take-offs and landings. Through this mode, Heathrow expects to gain 15% in airport capacity without extra building (AOA, 2013). The Airports Commission rules out proposed mixed-mode operations suggesting its use when arrival delays arise and eventually to allow e nvisaged gradual traffic build up and increase in operations towards the opening of additional runways rather than a flood-gate of activity. In their consideration of noise pollution and impact on residents, the Commission recommends ending of simultaneous landings at both runways with an exception of times of disruption (AC, 2013d). Presently, Heathrow designates different runways for landings and departure which are switched daily at 3 pm to allow for respite for communities near the airport (AOA, 2013; FT, 2014). The Howard Davies Commission suggests that there might not be need for one huge hub airport as growth in recent years has come from low-cost carriers (AC, 2013a). This view makes the case for expansion of Gatwick Airport. In anticipation of confirmation of expansion priorities and solutions, airport bosses are at loggerheads with Gatwick bosses suggesting that it would not make business sense for their second runway if Heathrow is also given a green light for simultaneou s expansion (AOA, 2013). This is in consideration of an extension of time to achieve return on investment from the expected 15-20 years to 30-40 years. Gatwick’s case is compelling given that it is cheaper, quicker, has significantly lower environmental impact and is the most deliverable solution in the short term (CAPA, 2013). Heathrow rejects this argument insisting there is a clear business case for a third runway regardless of development at Gatwick. With the airport operating at 98% of its capacity, they highlight potential for parallel growth delivering choice for passengers (AOA, 2013). Mayor Johnson is, however, opposed to Heathrow’s expansion citing the misery inflicted on a million people or more living in west London. He notes that there has been significantly more concern for the needs of passengers superseding the concerns of those on the ground. Johnson proposes focus on the new hub airport (Boris Island) to relieve impact on residents as well as to enhan ce UK’s competitiveness (Mayor of London, 2013). Supporters of Heathrow’s expansion say it will be quicker and will help to maintain the UK as an international aviation hub increasing global connections. Paris, Amsterdam and Frankfurt are closely competing for this business (DOT, 2013). Conclusion The examination of need for additional airport capacity and recommendation of solutions for the short, medium and long term, has taken the UK half a century and two commissions and still there is no confirmed venture despite the raft of proposals. The earlier Roskill Commission reached conclusions on four promising sites-including a new ‘Boris Island’ airport, which are still under consideration in the later commission the Howard Davies Airports Commission. Considering several arguments with regard to their mandate, the latter commission has proposed additional runways one at Gatwick and possibly two at Heathrow despite potential adverse effects to London residents. They are still to deliver a verdict on the new Thames Estuary project, promising a decision later in 2014 after evaluation. References Abelson, P. and A., Flowerdew, 1972. Roskill’s successful recommendation.† In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Vol. 135. No. 4, pp.467 Airports Committee, 2013a. Emerging thinking: Aviation Capacity in the UK. 7th October. Viewed from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/aviation-capacity-in-the-uk-emerging-thinking Airports Commission, 2013b. Stakeholder responses to Airports Commission discussion papers. 25th October. Viewed from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stakeholder-responses-to-airports-commission-discussion-papers Airports Commission, 2013c. Airports Commission discussion papers. 29th July. Viewed from: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/airports-commission-discussion-papers–2 Airports Commission, 2013d. Short and medium term options: proposals for making the best use of existing airport capacity. 7th August. Viewed from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/short-and-medium-term-options-proposals-for-making-the-best-use-of-existing-airport-capacity CAPA, 2013. The Davies Commission’s Interim Report on UK airports: the big loser remains UK competitiveness. Centre for Aviation. Department of Transport, 2003. The Future of Air Transport – White Paper and the Civil Aviation Bill. [online] viewed on 14/1/2014 from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/whitepapers Financial Times, 2014. London’s new airport held to ransom by folly. December, 2013 Helsey, M., and F., Codd, 2012. Aviation: proposals for an airport in the Thames estuary, 1945-2012. House of Commons Library. Viewed from: http://cambridgemba.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/sn4920-1946-2012-review.pdf House of Commons Hansard, 1971. Thhird London Airport (Roskill Commission Report). 4th March. Vol. 812. cc1912-2078. HC Mayor of London, 2013. Why London needs a new hub airport. Transport for London. Viewed from: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/26576.aspx Mishan, E., 1970. What is wrong with RoskillLondon: London School of Economics Airports Operators Association, 2013. The Airport Operator, Autumn 2013. The Independent, 2014. Sir Howard Davies’ Airports Commission: Air travel could be transformed within a few years – with no more ‘stacking’. 17th December, 2013

A List of German Riddles and Their Answers

A List of German Riddles and Their Answers Learning a new language doesnt have to be so serious. Let your laughter help you learn.   Here are eight fun German riddles to help you practice reading and speaking the language. Can you guess the answers? We will post them in a separate section below so you have the chance to guess.   Memorize your favorite riddle  for an extra challenge.   Ich hab zwei Flà ¼gel und kann nicht fliegen.Ich hab einen Rà ¼cken und kann nicht liegen.Ich hab ein Bein und kann nicht stehen.Oft trag ich Brillen und kann nicht sehen.Was  bin ich?Was ist das, das im Wasser lebtund noch am Sternenhimmel schwebt?Das im Kalender ruhig ist,sonst aber Menschen plagt und frisst?Schwarz kommt es in die Kà ¼chen,rot stehts dann auf den Tischen.Klein bin ich, groß,und deine Lebensquelle.Ich werd erobertund geraubt,und bleib dochauf derselben Stelle.Auch bin ich noch,von vielen nicht geglaubt,dein Himmel, deine Hà ¶lle.Im Drehen muss ich gehen,und niemand kann es sehen.Doch alle mà ¼ssen mit mir fortund bleiben doch an ihrem Ort.Ohne Fà ¼ÃƒÅ¸e um die WetteEil ich fort im schnellsten Lauf.Hà ¶re Tag und Nacht nicht aufUnd bin doch stets im Bette.Ich mache hart,ich mache weich,ich mache arm,ich mache reich.Kommst du zu nah,wirst du verzehrt,doch sterb ichwo man mich entbehrt.Ich bin am Berg, am Buch,bald hà ¶ckerig, bald schlicht.Ich geh euch i mmer nach,ihr aber seht mich nicht. Es ist ein Schutz, wie eine Haut,bei Birken, Linden, Eichen.Doch wenn man was bestimmtes isst,mag mans daran nicht leiden. Answers die Nasede Krebsdas Herzdie Erdeder Flussdas Feuerder Rà ¼ckendie Rinde

The Basics of Technical Writing

The Basics of Technical Writing Technical writing is simply a form of writing for one to get technical information across to others. Many technical fields find it necessary for their people to have the basics of technical writing down pat, since the best people to explain how a system wor. Knowing the basics to technical writing is essential if one hopes to have a future in a highly technological field. Many of your technical personnel tend to think and speak in highly specialized language that is specific to their certain field. One of the basics to technical writing would be to learn the ability to translate these technical terms into a report form with language that will be simple for the general audience to comprehend. It is highly advisable for everyone who aspires to go into a specific technological field to at least take a course teaching the basics to technical writing. This simple knowledge will carry this individual higher within the ranks of their chosen profession, since solid communication skills are a necessity in the corporate worlds. Another of the basics to technical writing is to communicate with a clear understanding of the purpose of the writing. The intent of this paper needs to be clearly stated, riight up front, and . What is the writer trying to convey to the audience? Understanding this simple point is the biggest basics to technical writing that one can begin with. Some of the basics to technical writing will tell you to make sure your research paper outlines the results, shows new information gained from the results and states the significance of the results. In this section, try outlining what makes your proejc The proper structure of this type of paper is important to the basics of technical writing. One should do a brief abstract then a very short introduction that brings up the problem and it’s solution. A very important basic step in technical writing includes making sure the writing is clearly stated in language that anyone unrelated to the field can understand. In learning basics to technical writing, one will find that it is important to include any previous works that may be relevant to your paper. In writing the main body of a technical paper, a few illustrations are usually advisable. These figures tend to lend themselves to making the stated comments more understandable. Basics to technical writing advise that figures and statements together works well for the readers. Again, make sure the terminology is clear and understandable to one who may not be familiar with this particular field. Close your paper with a description or explanation of the end results from the experiment or study. Providing details is one of the basics to technical writing. If you expect your paper to be out on the internet then make sure you include a good descriptive title pertaining to your subject. If you do this properly your paper will appear very high on specific search engine queries. Having a couple of readers proofread your paper before presentation is a very good idea. Have one person who is very technological as yourself and another who is just your basic reader curious about the field that you are writing about. If both individuals can understand and make perfect sense of your paper then it’s ready to be presented. If you can master just the basics to technical writing then you’ll be well on your way to creating interesting and informative papers.

Foreign Direct Investment (Brazil and Argentina) Essay

Foreign Direct Investment (Brazil and Argentina) - Essay Example However, business organizations whose primary objective is to make profit do not choose any country overnight for investing their resources. Each and every possible destinations of investment is thoroughly researched and analyzed by the organizations. In other words, it’s the nation’s responsibility to attract organizations by promoting different interesting facts regarding its demographics, economy and society. Organizations, before making final decisions regarding investment compare two or more countries on the basis of these dimensions. Over the past decade, South America has emerged as a major destination for the multinational corporations and Brazil and Argentina are the two of the most important countries in this part of the world. This paper attempts to portray a clear picture of these two countries in terms of their economy, demography, society and legal system. The paper includes a comparative analysis keeping these two countries as subject. ... Further information about this important member of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) is provided in the following sub-sections. Demographics Brazil is one of the most populated countries; in fact according to Central Intelligence Agency it is the fifth most populated country in the world. Currently, almost 203,429,773 people live in this South American giant. Average age of the country’s one fourth population falls within the range of 0-14 years, whereas the age of almost 67% of total population is found to be within the range of 15-64 years. Brazil’s population is one of the youngest populations in the world as the average age of all the males is 28.5 years and the same in case of females is 30.1 years. The country’s population is increasing at a rate of more than one percent (1.134%). Most of the people (almost 87%) in Brazil live in the urban areas. As far as the languages are concerned, most of the people prefer to speak Portuguese. However, there are ot her languages like Spanish, Italian, German and English that are also spoken. Almost 90% of Brazil’s total population is officially literate. More than 50% Brazilians are found to be ‘white’ and almost 75% are Roman Catholic (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). Political System Brazil is one of the largest democratic nations not only in South America but in the entire world. The government in the country is federal republic in nature. Brazil’s political system is a ‘multiparty’ system. In other words, the system allows the legal foundation of several political parties. This ‘Federative Presidentialist’ country is led by the President who acts both as the head of state and chief of different branches of the government. There are three important

Dael with deferent situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dael with deferent situation - Essay Example However, money is a short term motivator and only money is used to motivate the workforce, than can create an unhealthy relationship as the workforce can start perceiving the management as unfeeling, tyrannical force which does not have consideration for their actual needs. At the higher levels of work, the workforce require non-money motivators such as praise, recognition, acknowledgement, and a sense of belonging which can go a long way in building the sense of belonging and the self-esteem need is hence, fulfilled creating a good working relationship and effectively, a positive outlook. Answer:2 There are forms of power and two of those, are called as visible and invisible powers. Visible power is defined as the first face of power and is the vocal voice of power in a manner of speaking. This is that source of power which can be demonstrated through participation in decision making and having a certain influence in the decision making process itself. This power can be observed and is "pluralist" sense of power. The second categorization of power; invisible power is that power which allows the shaping of people's needs and wants. It is embedded in the social, cultural, ideological values and norms. It is an internalized sense of power which cannot always be observed. ... d resources-clearly, the difference of the composition of these two results in the basic differences in power itself If a person is more motivated to prove himself/herself, she would be motivated to show the skill by a visible sense of power while a equally motivated person could be more interested in remaining on the sidelines and shaping the wants and needs. Answer 3: A diagram depicting the main ideas of the article: Decreasing Incinerators usage PVCs decreasing -Mercury levels down-Proper disposal-Eyeing greater biological swath Energy & H2p conservationProduce of Dioxin Healthier food practices-greener suppliers-No VOCs or Low Vocs b) The stakeholders interested in this venture and who would have a certain aim, stake involved would be the; the environmentalists such as the United States Protection Agency, other concerned environmental groups, the community consisting of people going to hospitals, the people working in the health sector, the healthcare industry including the public and private officials, the architectural firms who specialize in healthcare projects, and if the situation becomes critical then even the World Health Organization. The perspective of the healthcare industry and its officials would be that they would want to have this issue taken care of as soon as possible. The publicity that this issue has been getting has created a negative image and has caused extensive damage to the credibility of the industry itself .By taking preventive measures, the industry officials want to clean up the "mess" while safeguarding the future The perspective of the concerned community would that of safeguarding their interests by